Pure and Hydrocarbon Binary Mixtures as Possible Alternatives Working Fluids to the Usual Organic Rankine Cycles Biomass Conversion Systems

Invernizzi, Costante Mario; Ayub, Abubakr; Marcoberardino, Gioele Di; Iora, Paolo

doi:10.3390/en12214140

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The working fluid selection may be proceeded in many different ways depending on the accepted selection criteria. Different methods of working fluid selection are consciously developed and described in scientific papers, see [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. Nowadays, environment protection is an important issue; therefore, many working fluids that were successfully applied in ORCs are being withdrawn (e.g., R11, R12, and others).…”

Section: The Methods Of Working Fluid Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Method of the Working Fluid Selection for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Systems Employing Volumetric Expanders

Kolasiński

2020

Energies

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The working fluid selection is one of the most important issues faced when designing Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems. The choice of working fluid is dictated by different criteria. The most important of them are safety of use, impact on the environment, and physical and chemical parameters. The type of ORC system in which the working fluid is to be used and the type of expander applied in this system is also affecting the working fluid selection. Nowadays, volumetric expanders are increasingly used in ORC systems. In the case of volumetric expanders, in addition to the aforementioned working fluid selection criteria, additional parameters are considered during the selecting of the working fluid, such as the range of operating pressures and geometric dimensions (determining the volume of working chambers) affecting the achieved power and efficiency of the expander. This article presents a method of selecting a working medium for ORC systems using volumetric expanders. This method is based on the dimensionless rating parameters applied for the comparative analysis of different working fluids. Dimensionless parameters were defined for selected thermal properties of the working fluids, namely thermal capacity, mean temperature of evaporation, mean temperature of condensation, pressure and volumetric expansion ratio, volumetric expandability, as well as the heat of preheating, vaporization, superheating, cooling, and liquefaction. Moreover, isentropic expansion work was considered as the rating parameter. In this article, in addition to the working fluid selection method, computational examples related to the selection of the working fluid for the ORC system fed by a heat source featuring specified temperatures are presented. The results of calculations of rating parameters and their comparison gave an outlook on the selection of appropriate working fluids.

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Section: The Methods Of Working Fluid Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Method of the Working Fluid Selection for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Systems Employing Volumetric Expanders

Kolasiński

2020

Energies

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“…The selection of the working fluid for the ORC system is often challenging as environmental, thermodynamic and design considerations should be taken into consideration. Different methods for working fluid selection are reported in literature [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. The working fluid should be non-toxic and featuring low values of global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP) indicators.…”

Section: Design Considerations and Comparison Of Different Domestic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The working fluids suitable for domestic Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

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confidence: 99%

Domestic Organic Rankine Cycle-Based Cogeneration Systems as a Way to Reduce Dust Emissions in Municipal Heating

Kolasiński

2020

Energies

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Environmental issues are nowadays of great importance. In particular air and water quality should be kept at as high levels as possible. Energy conversion systems and devices which are applied for converting the chemical energy contained in different fuels into heat, electricity and cold in the industry and housing are sources of different gases and solid particle emissions. Medical data show PM2.5 dust in particular is highly dangerous for human health. Therefore, limiting the number of low-quality fuel combustion processes is a key issue of modern energy policy. Statistical data show that domestic heating systems account for a large share of the total emissions of PM2.5 and PM10 dust. For example in Poland in 2017, the share of households in the total annual emissions of PM2.5 dust was equal to ca. 35.8%, while the share of PM2.5 emission in industry (i.e., power generating plants, industrial power plants and technologies) was equal to only 23.6%. A possible way of solving this problem is by the successful replacement of old domestic furnaces by combined heat and power (CHP) or multigeneration boilers which can be used for heating the rooms and sanitary water and generating electricity and cold. Such systems can possibly contribute in the future to significant reductions of dust emissions and air pollution in urban and rural areas by limiting the number of low-quality fuel combustion processes. This article presents design considerations and experimental results related to a domestic micro-CHP unit which is based on organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology. The main aim of the design works and experiments was therefore the analysis of the possibility of integrating the ORC system with a standard domestic central heating gas-fired boiler. The specially designed micro-ORC system was implemented in the laboratory and experiments were performed using this test stand. The main design aims of the test-stand were: low operating pressure, small working fluid flow, low price and compact dimensions. To meet these aims, volumetric machines were chosen as the expander and working fluid pump. The experimental results were positive and show that it is possible to integrate an ORC system with a standard domestic central heating gas boiler. For different heat source temperatures, the obtained expander power ranged from 109 W to 241 W and the thermodynamic cycle efficiency ranged from 4.3% to 8.8%. These positive research results were achieved partly thanks to the positive features of the different system subassemblies.

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“…In addition, current analysis is moving towards studying real gas mixtures in novel applications, such as organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) (Invernizzi et al. 2019), supersonic ejectors (Aidoun et al. 2019) and supersonic gas separators (Cao & Bian 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscous effects on real gases in quasi-one-dimensional supersonic convergent divergent nozzle flows

Restrepo

Simões-Moreira²

2022

J. Fluid Mech.

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Viscous effects on an ideal gas flow in a supersonic convergent–divergent nozzle are a well-studied subject in classical gas dynamics. However, the ideal assumption fails on fluids that exhibit complex behaviours such as near-critical-region and non-ideal dense vapours. Under those conditions, a realistic equation of state (EOS) plays a vital role for a precise and realistic computation. This work examines the problem for solving the quasi-one-dimensional viscous compressible flow using a realistic EOS. The governing equations are discretised and solved using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method coupled with a state-of-the-art EOS to calculate the thermodynamic properties. The role of the Grüneisen parameter along with viscous and real gas effects and their influence on the sonic point formation are discussed. The study shows that the flow may not achieve the supersonic regime for any pressure ratio depending on the combination of that parameter and the normalised friction factor. In addition, the analysis yields the discharge coefficient and the isentropic nozzle efficiency, which may achieve maximum values as a function of the stagnation conditions. Finally, the study also evaluates the formation and intensity of normal shock waves by using the Rankine–Hugoniot relations, which now depend on the real gas and viscous effects in opposition to the inviscid solution. Moreover, the methodology used captures the sonic point and shock wave position by a space marching algorithm using the Brent method for scalar minimisation. Experimental data available in the open literature corroborate the approach.

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Pure and Hydrocarbon Binary Mixtures as Possible Alternatives Working Fluids to the Usual Organic Rankine Cycles Biomass Conversion Systems

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

The Method of the Working Fluid Selection for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Systems Employing Volumetric Expanders

The Method of the Working Fluid Selection for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Systems Employing Volumetric Expanders

Domestic Organic Rankine Cycle-Based Cogeneration Systems as a Way to Reduce Dust Emissions in Municipal Heating

Viscous effects on real gases in quasi-one-dimensional supersonic convergent divergent nozzle flows

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