Purification, characterization, and partial amino acid sequence of nerve growth factor from cobra venom

Hogue-Angeletti, Ruth A.; Frazier, William A.; Jacobs, John; Niall, Hugh D.; Bradshaw, Ralph A.

doi:10.1021/bi00646a005

Cited by 87 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The results (Table 2), from studies of 135 animals, indicate that over a period of [1][2][3][4][5] weeks no significant changes in serum NGF concentrations were detected following submandibular gland removal. However, the NGF concentration increased sigificantly in the serum of sham-operated (but not (Phase contrast photomicrograph, 18-hr incubation at 370; X96.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This finding suggests that the salivary gland is an exocrine organ for NGF and that the protein may play a biological role in saliva. For unknown reasons, nerve growth factor (NGF) is present in high concentrations in the submandibular glands of mice (1,2) and in the venom of certain snakes (1,3). The concentration of NGF is much higher in glands of male mice than in glands of female mice or prepubescent mice of either sex (1,2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nerve growth factor in mouse serum and saliva: role of the submandibular gland.

Murphy¹,

Saide²,

Blanchard³

et al. 1977

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concept that the salivary gland of the mouse is an endocrine organ for nerve growth factor (NGF) has been reexamined. Serum concentrations of the protein have been measured by radioimmunoassay in male and female mice and in mice from which the submandibular glands were removed. In spite of the fact that the submandibular glands of male mice contained more NGF than did those of female mice, no sex differences in circulating concentrations of the factor were detected. Furthermore, serum concentrations of NGF did not change after submandibular gland removal or after administration of several autonomic agonists. These results indicate that the submandibular glands are not endocrine organs with respect to NGF. On the other hand, extremely high concentrations of the factor are normally secreted in mouse saliva at levels that reflect the sex differences in the amount of NGF present in the glands. This finding suggests that the salivary gland is an exocrine organ for NGF and that the protein may play a biological role in saliva. For unknown reasons, nerve growth factor (NGF) is present in high concentrations in the submandibular glands of mice (1, 2) and in the venom of certain snakes (1, 3). The concentration of NGF is much higher in glands of male mice than in glands of female mice or prepubescent mice of either sex (1, 2). Biologically active NGF can also be detected in mouse blood (1). By using a sensitive radioimmunoassay, Hendry (2) found that the plasma of adult male mice contains 6 times as much NGF as does plasma of adult female mice, and Hendry and Iversen (4) found that sialoadenectomy caused a decrease in circulating levels of the factor. After submandibular gland removal, plasma concentrations of NGF dropped to 15% of control values over a period of 33 days and then returned to normal after an additional 27 days, at which time the sex difference in serum levels was reestablished (4). These findings have given rise to the widely held view that circulating levels of NGF are controlled (at least in part) by the submandibular glands (4,5 mouse serum has been found to be on the order of 10-30 min (5). Consequently, if the submandibular glands are a major source of circulating NGF, we would expect that removal of the glands would cause a rapid decrease in serum levels of the protein. However, Hendry and Iversen (4) found that this did not occur.In the present study, we reexamined the role that the submandibular glands might play in secreting NGF into the circulation. In contrast to the results of Hendry and Iversen (4), we found that removal of the submandibular glands has no effect on circulating levels of NGF over a period of 1-5 weeks after sialoadenectomy. Furthermore, serum levels of the factor in adult male and female mice were indistinguishable and did not reflect the sex differences found in salivary gland levels of the protein. Consequently, we conclude that the submandibular gland in the mouse does not function as an endocrine organ for NGF.These results then led to the idea that the salivar...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nerve growth factor in mouse serum and saliva: role of the submandibular gland.

Murphy¹,

Saide²,

Blanchard³

et al. 1977

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a comparison, cobra nerve growth factor was prepared. Nerve growth factor from cobra venom is known to have the same biological activity as mouse protein but is poorly recognized by antibodies directed against it [9]. When the mouse #-NGF was tested on mast cells 2 effects could be observed (fig.1A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cobra (Na/a na/a) nerve growth factor was prepared as in [9]. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 2 preparations was performed in 6% acrylamide, 0.1% SDS.…”

Section: Preparation Of Nerve Growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between nerve growth factor and lysophosphatidylserine on rat peritoneal mast cells

et al. 1982

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In all, we identified six previously undescribed families of proteins in Australian elapid snakes. Some of these, including vespryns, metalloproteinases, C-type lectins, and 5Ј-nucleotidase were described previously in non-Australian snake venoms (38,(63)(64)(65)(66). Protein-disulfide isomerase and PLA 2 inhibitor have not been reported previously in any snake venom, although a very recent report has described a cDNA coding for PDI (67), and a PLA 2 inhibitor has been reported in snake serum (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diversity of Bioactive Proteins in Australian Snake Venoms

Birrell

Earl

Wallis

et al. 2007

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Australian elapid snakes are among the most venomous in the world. Their venoms contain multiple components that target blood hemostasis, neuromuscular signaling, and the cardiovascular system. We describe here a comprehensive approach to separation and identification of the venom proteins from 18 of these snake species, representing nine genera. The venom protein components were separated by two-dimensional PAGE and identified using mass spectrometry and de novo peptide sequencing. The venoms are complex mixtures showing up to 200 protein spots varying in size from <7 to over 150 kDa and in pI from 3 to >10. These include many proteins identified previously in Australian snake venoms, homologs identified in other snake species, and some novel proteins. In many cases multiple trains of spots were typically observed in the higher molecular mass range (>20 kDa) (indicative of posttranslational modification). Venom proteins and their posttranslational modifications were characterized using specific antibodies, phosphoprotein-and glycoprotein-specific stains, enzymatic digestion, lectin binding, and antivenom reactivity. In the lower molecular weight range, several proteins were identified, but the predominant species were phospholipase A 2 and ␣-neurotoxins, both represented by different sequence variants. The higher molecular weight range contained proteases, nucleotidases, oxidases, and homologs of mammalian coagulation factors. This information together with the identification of several novel proteins (metalloproteinases, vespryns, phospholipase A 2 inhibitors, protein-disulfide isomerase, 5-nucleotidases, cysteinerich secreted proteins, C-type lectins, and acetylcholinesterases) aids in understanding the lethal mechanisms of elapid snake venoms and represents a valuable resource for future development of novel human therapeutics.

show abstract

Purification, characterization, and partial amino acid sequence of nerve growth factor from cobra venom

Cited by 87 publications

References 26 publications

Nerve growth factor in mouse serum and saliva: role of the submandibular gland.

Nerve growth factor in mouse serum and saliva: role of the submandibular gland.

Interaction between nerve growth factor and lysophosphatidylserine on rat peritoneal mast cells

The Diversity of Bioactive Proteins in Australian Snake Venoms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About