Purified avocado seed acetogenins: Antimicrobial spectrum and complete inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in a refrigerated food matrix

Abstract

Avocado fruit contains lipid derivatives with antimicrobial properties called acetogenins. In this study, antimicrobial spectrum of purified acetogenins was characterized. Additionally, eight Grampositive bacteria were exposed to commercial food preservatives (Nisaplin® and Mirenat®) for comparison. Acetogenins were also added to a food system containing meat, inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes and stored at 20°C and 4°C. Avocado seed extract (Avosafe®) contained 71.3% w/w total acetogenins, its main components were AcO-avocadene and persenone A (22.05 ± 1.84 and 20.14 ± 1.40% w/w, respectively). Avosafe® (15 µg disc −1) inhibited Gram-positive bacteria, with higher efficacy towards spore-formers (Clostridium sporogenes, C. perfringens, Bacillus subtilis, and Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius). Acetogenins' inhibition zones were 2-4 times higher compared to Nisaplin® and Mirenat® for Gram-positive bacteria, except for Staphylococcus aureus. During refrigerated storage (4°C, 72 d), Avosafe® inhibited L. monocytogenes completely; decreasing initial 3-log inoculum to undetectable levels within 3 h, and maintaining the effect to completion. Acetogeninas Aisladas de Semilla de Aguacate: Espectro Antimicrobiano y Completa Inhibición del Crecimiento de Listeria monocytogenes en una Matriz Alimenticia Refrigerada RESUMEN El aguacate contiene derivados lipídicos con propiedades antimicrobianas llamadas acetogeninas. En este estudio se caracterizó el espectro antimicrobiano de acetogeninas purificadas de la semilla del fruto. Las propiedades antimicrobianas de las acetogeninas se compararon con conservadors comerciales (Nisaplin® y Mirenat®) utilizando un panel de ocho bacterias Gram positivas. Las acetogeninas también se incorporaron en la matriz de un alimento que contenía carne, el cual se inoculó con Listeria monocytogenes y se almacenó a 20 y 4°C. La concentración de acetogeninas totales en el extracto de semilla de aguacate (Avosafe®) fue de 71.3 % p/p, de las cuales AcO-avocadeno y persenona A (22.05 ± 1.84 y 20.14 ± 1.40% p/p, respectivamente) fueron los componentes principales. Avosafe® (15 µg disco-1) inhibió a las bacterias Gram positivas, mostrando una mayor eficacia contra aquellas formadoras de esporas (Clostridium sporogenes, C. perfringens, Bacillus subtilis y Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius). Las zonas de inhibición del crecimiento de las bacterias Gram positivas producidas por las acetogeninas fueron 2-4 veces mayores que las de Nisaplin® y Mirenat®, con excepción de Staphylococcus aureus. Durante el almacenamiento en condiciones de refrigeración (4°C, 72 d), Avosafe® inhibió completamente a L. monocytogenes; el inóculo inicial disminuyó en 3-log hasta niveles indetectables después de 3 h, y el efecto inhibitorio se mantuvo hasta la finalización del estudio.

Persea Americana Agro-Industrial Waste Biorefinery for Sustainable High-Value-Added Products

“…Therefore, the test with L. monocytogenes was successful, decreasing initial growth of bacteria. In addition, the results showed a significant inhibition activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains [110,111].…”

Chemical Profile and Safety Assessment of a Food-Grade Acetogenin-Enriched Antimicrobial Extract from Avocado Seed

“…Studies on the chemical characterization of the acetogenin-enriched extract confirmed the chemical structures of seven acetogenins as present in the enriched avocado seed extract and 21.50 ± 1.87% w / w of solids remained to be characterized [6]. Prior studies also documented that acetogenins were stable under relevant food processing conditions (temperature, pressure, salt, pH), and were capable of controlling C. sporogenes endospore germination [5] and Listeria monocytogenes outgrowth [6,7] in both laboratory culture media and within food systems that contained meat.…”

“…This family of phytochemicals has been reported to be exclusively present in species of the genus Persea (family: Lauraceae) [1] and are found in different varieties and tissues (peel, pulp, and seed [2], as well as in leaves [3]) of avocado fruit ( Persea americana Mill.). Of special interest to the food industry is their bioactivity as antimicrobial additives due to their ability to inhibit germination of bacterial endospores [4,5] and to act as listericidal additives [6,7]. Initial studies on their ability to inhibit bacterial endospores were performed using acetogenin-enriched extracts purified in a laboratory setting using bioassay-guided isolation [4].…”

“…Initial studies on their ability to inhibit bacterial endospores were performed using acetogenin-enriched extracts purified in a laboratory setting using bioassay-guided isolation [4]. Further works then focused on the chemical characterization of an acetogenin-enriched food additive from avocado seed (78.50 ± 4.87% acetogenins), called Avosafe ® , and the documentation of its antimicrobial activities [5,6,7]. Studies on the chemical characterization of the acetogenin-enriched extract confirmed the chemical structures of seven acetogenins as present in the enriched avocado seed extract and 21.50 ± 1.87% w / w of solids remained to be characterized [6].…”

Aceite De La Semilla De Aguacate, Una Revisión Desde Sus Potencialidades

“…RESUMEN: El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar las potencialidades del aceite de la semilla del aguacate para su aprovechamiento. Esta investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo con diseño documental fundamentada en autores como Almanza, Navarro & Ruiz, 2019;Cid et al, 2021;Coello & Saltos, 2020;Da silva & Deschamps, 2020;Del Castillo et al, 2021;Higuera, Zuluaga & Rodríguez, 2021;Martínez & Santana, 2019;Villarreal et al, 2019;Zabala, 2020; empleando diferentes bases de datos como Sciencedirect, Scielo, Scopus, Redalyc, Google Academic, entre otras. Se encontraron diversos metabolitos secundarios que le otorgan propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias, cardiovasculares, metabólicas, por lo que se considera que podría ser utilizada en la fabricación de medicamentos, alimentos y cosméticos, principalmente.…”