Putting a Floor on Energy Savings: Comparing State Energy Efficiency Resource Standards

Utility 2.0 - A Multi-Dimensional Review of New York's Reforming the Energy Vision (REV) and Great Britain's RIIO Utility Business Models

“…The disruption was initiated in the 1990s when, under the guise of deregulation, competition, innovation, and consumer involvement was introduced in the supplyoriented architecture (Philipson & Willis, 1999). The dominance of the traditional utility business model -what can be called 'Utility 1.0' -has since additionally been confronted with a confluence of architectural, technological, social, and economic developments that will likely accelerate the emergence of 'Utility 2.0' business models: a) Distributed renewable energy sources, like solar energy, have become increasingly cost-competitive (Feldman, et al, 2015); b) State-wide demand side management (DSM) and energy efficiency (EE) policy schemes are progressively more aggressive (Barbose, Goldman, Hoffman, & Billingsley, 2013;Palmer, Grausz, Beasley, & Brennan, 2013); c) Energy demand growth patterns have reversed and are now flat to declining (Nadel & Young, 2014); d) Rapidly advancing "intelligent efficiency" technology options capable of unlocking device-level measurement and control at large-scale are now available (Rogers, Carley, Deo, & Grossberg, 2015); e) Existing infrastructural deficiencies -the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) gave the US energy sector a D+ rating (ASCE, 2013). For instance, according to the Edison Foundation, national level costs over 2010-2030 are estimated at $582 billion in nominal terms (Edison Foundation, 2008).…”