Putting It Together: AIDS and the Millennium Development Goals

Pandemi infeksi HIV menyebabkan peningkatan pelaporan TB secara bermakna di beberapa negara dengan perkiraan peningkatan insidens TB 20 kali lipat diantara anak yang terinfeksi HIV, dibandingkan dengan anak yang tidak terinfeksi HIV. [1][2][3][4] Hal ini berkaitan dengan keadaan imunokompromais pada infeksi HIV sebagai salah satu faktor risiko penyakit TB, yang mengakibatkan kerusakan sistem imun sehingga kuman TB yang dorman mengalami re-aktivasi. 5TB dan HIV pada anak merupakan penularan dari kasus orang dewasa, dan pola penyakit tersebut mencerminkan epidemi pada populasi orang dewasa. [6][7][8] Pada tahun 1992, diperkirakan oleh Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia bahwa antara 9-11 juta orang dewasa dan 1 juta anak-anak terinfeksi HIV di negara

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“…[10][11][12] Oleh sebab itu HIV/AIDS menjadi ancaman utama terhadap pengendalian TB dan pencapaian MDGs, 13 termasuk Indonesia.…”

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Ko-Infeksi Tuberkulosis dan HIV pada Anak

Widyaningsih

Widhiani

Citraresmi

2016

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“…13 The results of our simulations show that an AIDS vaccine could greatly reduce the number of new infections and alter the course of the epidemic, even if vaccine efficacy and population coverage levels are relatively modest. In low-and middle-income countries, 11-56 percent of new infections, or 5-27 million new infections, could be averted during 2015-2030 by a moderately effective AIDS vaccine that is introduced in 2015.…”

Section: Discussion and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Impact Of An AIDS Vaccine In Developing Countries: A New Model And Initial Results

Stover

Bollinger²,

Hecht

et al. 2007

Health Affairs

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A new model was developed to examine the potential impacts of an AIDS vaccine in developing countries. The findings suggest that even a modestly efficacious firstgeneration vaccine could have a profound effect on the AIDS pandemic. A vaccine with 50 percent efficacy provided to 30 percent of the population would reduce new annual infections by 34 percent (seventeen million infections avoided) over fifteen years and result in substantial financial savings. A more efficacious vaccine, combined with expanded delivery, would do even more to control the pandemic. It therefore makes sense to continue investing in AIDS vaccine research and development and the eventual manufacture and widespread distribution of a vaccine. [Health Affairs 26, no. 4 (2007):

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“…The traditional, kinship-based support systems made a major contribution to catering for orphans though the resources were far from enough. In observations from southern Africa, just the presence of parents reduces a child's risk of being underweight from 39 to 21%; children with two living parents had only a 10% risk of being underweight [12] .…”

Section: Orphans and Non-parental Caretakersmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Its relevance to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) has been the subject of pointed commentary [11] . More recently, the Millennium Goals for health and development have been enunciated, and several of the goals have a direct relevance for HIV/AIDS [12] .…”

Section: Introduction and Contextual History Of The Aids Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and the Ramifications for Food Security and Child Health in Affected Communities

Solomons¹,

O’Donnell

2007

Ann Nestlé [Engl]

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The first cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), were recognized in 1981. Today, an estimated 39 million people worldwide are infected with the virus. Sixty-four percent of these individuals currently live in the poverty of sub-Saharan Africa, but the pandemic is now spreading fastest in the largest nations of Asia. A state of food security is said to exist when all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. A concern for food insecurity arose in the HIV/AIDS pandemic, based on the well-known principles of the interaction of malnutrition and infection; more poorly nourished individuals are more severely affected by infectious pathogens while the ravages of infection tend to deplete the nutritional reserves. The social and clinical consequences of HIV/AIDS endanger access to food in areas already stressed by poverty and environmental deterioration. Interventions related to agricultural productivity, income generation and food assistance, must each be crafted and adapted within the local, community contexts, and recognized as necessary to mitigate the adverse effect of HIV/AIDS on food security. UNICEF has made caring, defined as the provision in the household and the community of time, attention, and support to meet the physical, mental, and social needs of the growing child and other household members, into one of the components of its efforts to promote child survival. Its domain includes care for women, breastfeeding and child feeding practices, psychosocial care, food preparation, hygiene practices, and household health practices. The positive deviance approach, that of identifying household caring behaviors that have the best growth, health and development outcomes in children, is now being applied in the context of HIV-positive children. Stigma is a pervasive factor, which tends to isolate households affected with HIV-positive members, and complicates the social context in which food security and care-related interventions can be delivered. Outstanding gaps in our knowledge of food security–HIV/AIDS relationships have been identified. The research questions include the true effectiveness of food assistance to mitigate the effects of HIV and the interaction of food security status with the efficacy and safety of antiretroviral therapy. However, investigation is somewhat of a luxury within the allocation of scarce financial resources, placing a premium on gathering and codifying useful pragmatic experience for mitigating interventions from the valuable experience currently being gathered on the ground by field workers and communities themselves.

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Putting It Together: AIDS and the Millennium Development Goals

Abstract: Failure to halt and reverse the HIV/AIDS epidemic, say the authors, will continue to jeopardize progress on achieving a wide range of the MDGs.

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Ko-Infeksi Tuberkulosis dan HIV pada Anak

Ko-Infeksi Tuberkulosis dan HIV pada Anak

The Impact Of An AIDS Vaccine In Developing Countries: A New Model And Initial Results

HIV and the Ramifications for Food Security and Child Health in Affected Communities

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