Pyrenoids: CO2-fixing phase separated liquid organelles

Barrett, James; Girr, Philipp; Mackinder, Luke C. M.

doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118949

Cited by 89 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 282 publications

(483 reference statements)

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“…In eukaryotic microalgae, liquid-like Rubisco-EPYC1 (Essential Pyrenoid Component 1) condensates display functional similarity to Rubisco-CcmM condensates, they are found compartmentalized in an analogous chloroplastlike CCM compartment called the pyrenoid (Figure 3B; The pyrenoid matrix is predominantly composed of Rubisco-EPYC1 complexes, forming by the multivalent interactions of EPYC1 peptide (orange) and Rubisco (green and yellow) (Freeman Rosenzweig et al, 2017;Wunder et al, 2018;Meyer et al, 2020;Barrett et al, 2021). Cryo-EM supported a structural model (7jsx, He et al, 2020), showing that EPYC1 binds close to the equator of the Rubisco cylinder and forms a codependent network of the specific low-affinity bonds (Mackinder et al, 2016;He et al, 2020).…”

Section: Enhancing Activities By Concentrating Enzymes and Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freeman Rosenzweig et al, 2017;Wunder et al, 2018;Barrett et al, 2021). Co-expression of EPYC1 and a plant-algal hybrid Rubisco in higher plant Arabidopsis chloroplasts can lead to phase-separated condensation of Rubisco in chloroplasts (Atkinson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Enhancing Activities By Concentrating Enzymes and Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In eukaryotic microalgae, liquid-like Rubisco-EPYC1 (Essential Pyrenoid Component 1) condensates display functional similarity to Rubisco-CcmM condensates, they are found compartmentalized in an analogous chloroplast-like CCM compartment called the pyrenoid ( Figure 3B ; Freeman Rosenzweig et al, 2017 ; Wunder et al, 2018 ; Barrett et al, 2021 ). Co-expression of EPYC1 and a plant-algal hybrid Rubisco in higher plant Arabidopsis chloroplasts can lead to phase-separated condensation of Rubisco in chloroplasts ( Atkinson et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: The Biological Function Of Phase-separated Condensates In Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells

et al. 2021

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Numerous examples of microbial phase-separated biomolecular condensates have now been identified following advances in fluorescence imaging and single molecule microscopy technologies. The structure, function, and potential applications of these microbial condensates are currently receiving a great deal of attention. By neatly compartmentalizing proteins and their interactors in membrane-less organizations while maintaining free communication between these macromolecules and the external environment, microbial cells are able to achieve enhanced metabolic efficiency. Typically, these condensates also possess the ability to rapidly adapt to internal and external changes. The biological functions of several phase-separated condensates in small bacterial cells show evolutionary convergence with the biological functions of their eukaryotic paralogs. Artificial microbial membrane-less organelles are being constructed with application prospects in biocatalysis, biosynthesis, and biomedicine. In this review, we provide an overview of currently known biomolecular condensates driven by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in microbial cells, and we elaborate on their biogenesis mechanisms and biological functions. Additionally, we highlight the major challenges and future research prospects in studying microbial LLPS.

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Section: Enhancing Activities By Concentrating Enzymes and Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enhancing Activities By Concentrating Enzymes and Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In eukaryotic microalgae, liquid-like Rubisco-EPYC1 (Essential Pyrenoid Component 1) condensates display functional similarity to Rubisco-CcmM condensates, they are found compartmentalized in an analogous chloroplast-like CCM compartment called the pyrenoid ( Figure 3B ; Freeman Rosenzweig et al, 2017 ; Wunder et al, 2018 ; Barrett et al, 2021 ). Co-expression of EPYC1 and a plant-algal hybrid Rubisco in higher plant Arabidopsis chloroplasts can lead to phase-separated condensation of Rubisco in chloroplasts ( Atkinson et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: The Biological Function Of Phase-separated Condensates In Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells

et al. 2021

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“…The function and organization of chloroplasts greatly varies across the plant lineage and cell types ( Pinard and Mizrachi, 2018 ; Figure 7B ). For example, microalgae typically have a single chloroplast with a carbon-concentrating organelle called the pyrenoid ( Barrett et al, 2021 ). In plants that can perform C 4 photosynthesis, the chloroplasts in the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells have different compositions and functions ( Edwards et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Building the Database And Infrastructure Of The Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision, challenges and opportunities for a Plant Cell Atlas

Jha

Borowsky

Cole

et al. 2021

eLife

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With growing populations and pressing environmental problems, future economies will be increasingly plant-based. Now is the time to reimagine plant science as a critical component of fundamental science, agriculture, environmental stewardship, energy, technology and healthcare. This effort requires a conceptual and technological framework to identify and map all cell types, and to comprehensively annotate the localization and organization of molecules at cellular and tissue levels. This framework, called the Plant Cell Atlas (PCA), will be critical for understanding and engineering plant development, physiology and environmental responses. A workshop was convened to discuss the purpose and utility of such an initiative, resulting in a roadmap that acknowledges the current knowledge gaps and technical challenges, and underscores how the PCA initiative can help to overcome them.

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“…Implementing the use of APEX2 in a model marine diatom is itself a significant and timely advance as the field is expanding and moving from broad -omics-based surveys to detailed molecular studies (Falciatore et al, 2020;Faktorová et al, 2020). APEX2 and related molecular tools hold great promise to dissect additional key subcellular compartments in diatoms such as pyrenoids and silica deposition vesicles (Figure 8-figure supplement 1; Barrett et al, 2021;Hildebrand et al, 2018;Matsuda et al 2017;Wang and Jonikas, 2020), two exciting future avenues for these single-celled heterokonts uniquely positioned at the nexus of evolutionary cell biology and blue biotechnology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximity proteomics in a marine diatom reveals a putative cell surface-to-chloroplast iron trafficking pathway

Turnšek

Brunson

Viedma

et al. 2021

eLife

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Iron is a biochemically critical metal cofactor in enzymes involved in photosynthesis, cellular respiration, nitrate assimilation, nitrogen fixation, and reactive oxygen species defense. Marine microeukaryotes have evolved a phytotransferrin-based iron uptake system to cope with iron scarcity, a major factor limiting primary productivity in the global ocean. Diatom phytotransferrin is endocytosed, however proteins downstream of this environmentally ubiquitous iron receptor are unknown. We applied engineered ascorbate peroxidase APEX2-based subcellular proteomics to catalog proximal proteins of phytotransferrin in the model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proteins encoded by poorly characterized iron-sensitive genes were identified including three that are expressed from a chromosomal gene cluster. Two of them showed unambiguous colocalization with phytotransferrin adjacent to the chloroplast. Further phylogenetic, domain, and biochemical analyses suggest their involvement in intracellular iron processing. Proximity proteomics holds enormous potential to glean new insights into iron acquisition pathways and beyond in these evolutionarily, ecologically, and biotechnologically important microalgae.

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Pyrenoids: CO2-fixing phase separated liquid organelles

Cited by 89 publications

References 282 publications

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells

Vision, challenges and opportunities for a Plant Cell Atlas

Proximity proteomics in a marine diatom reveals a putative cell surface-to-chloroplast iron trafficking pathway

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