Pyrethroid resistance associated with M918 L mutation and detoxifying metabolism in <scp><i>Aphis gossypii</i></scp> from Bt cotton growing regions of China

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BACKGROUND The cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover is one of the most destructive insect pests. It has evolved resistance to numerous insecticides around the world due to the application of insecticides. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have been reported to potentially facilitate the detoxification process of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in A. gossypii. RESULTS In this study, the field populations of A. gossypii developed different levels of resistance to multiple insecticides. A UGT inhibitor, 5‐nitrouracil, dramatically increased the toxicity of acetamiprid in resistant populations, moderately increased the toxicity of sulfoxaflor in the imidacloprid susceptible (IMI_S) population, and populations from Yuncheng in Shanxi Province (SXYC) and Jingzhou in Hubei Province (HBJZ), and increased the toxicity of bifenthrin in the IMI_S and HBJZ populations, but there was no synergism on omethoate or carbosulfan. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis revealed that UGT344B4 and UGT344C7 were overexpressed in all field populations, and UGT344N4 was overexpressed in the SDBZ and HBZJ populations. Furthermore, the suppression of UGT344B4 or UGT344C7 by RNA interference significantly increased the susceptibility to bifenthrin in the IMI_S population and the susceptibility to sulfoxaflor in the SXYC population. CONCLUSION These results suggested that UGTs are potentially involved in the detoxification of neonicotinoid, sulfoximine, and pyrethroid insecticides in A. gossypii. Furthermore, the overexpression of UGTs could be associated with insecticide resistance in field populations of A. gossypii. The results might be helpful for the management of insecticide resistance in field populations of A. gossypii. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overexpression of UDP‐glycosyltransferase potentially involved in insecticide resistance in Aphis gossypii Glover collected from Bt cotton fields in China

Chen

Tang

et al. 2019

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Chemical inhibition of Kir channels reduces salivary secretions and phloem feeding of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover)

Davis

Swale

2019

BACKGROUND The unique feeding biology of aphids suggests novel insecticide targets are likely to exist outside of the nervous system. We therefore aimed to directly test the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels would result in salivary gland failure and reduced sap ingestion by the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. RESULTS The Kir inhibitors VU041 and VU590 reduced the length of the salivary sheath in a concentration dependent manner, indicating that the secretory activity of the salivary gland is reduced by Kir inhibition. Next, we employed the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique to measure the impact Kir inhibition has to aphid sap feeding and feeding biology. Data show that foliar application of VU041 eliminated the E1 and E2 phases (phloem feeding) in all aphids studied. Contact exposure to VU041 after foliar applications was found to be toxic to A. gossypii at 72 and 96 h post‐infestation, indicating mortality is likely a result of starvation and not acute toxicity. Furthermore, VU041 exposure significantly altered the feeding behavior of aphids, which is toxicologically relevant for plant–virus interactions. CONCLUSION These data suggest Kir channels are critical for proper function of aphid salivary glands and the reduced plant feeding justifies future work in developing salivary gland Kir channels as novel mechanism aphicides. Furthermore, products like VU041 would add to a very minor arsenal of compounds that simultaneously reduce vector abundance and alter feeding behavior. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Super‐kdr mutation M918L and multiple cytochrome P450s associated with the resistance of Rhopalosiphum padi to pyrethroid

Wang

Bai

Zhao

et al. 2020

BACKGROUNDRhopalosiphum padi is an important pest affecting cereal crops worldwide. Pyrethroid, including lambda‐cyhalothrin, has been widely used to control R. padi in the field. This work investigated the resistance levels of R. padi field populations to lambda‐cyhalothrin, and analysed biochemical and molecular mechanisms of aphid resistance to the insecticide pyrethroid.RESULTSA lambda‐cyhalothrin‐resistant field population (JY) was sampled, and a super‐kdr mutation, M918L, in the voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC) was identified in the population. The lambda‐cyhalothrin‐resistant strain (LC‐R) was subsequently established by selecting the field population with lambda‐cyhalothrin. All individuals of the R. padi LC‐R strain showed the M918L heterozygous mutation in the VGSC IIS4–IIS6 region. Cross‐resistance profiles of the LC‐R strain to nine insecticides were detected. Both synergistic and enzyme activity studies indicated that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase played an important role in this resistance. Further gene expression analysis showed that seven P450 genes were significantly upregulated in the LC‐R strain compared with the susceptible strain.CONCLUSIONField‐evolved resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has been found in R. padi. The M918L (super‐kdr) mutation in the VGSC was documented for the first time in field samples obtained from an important wheat‐growing area. The super‐kdr mutation, as well as metabolic resistance mediated by P450 genes, was determined to contribute to the lambda‐cyhalothrin resistance in R. padi. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry