Pyridine Derivatives as Biologically Active Precursors; Organics and Selected Coordination Complexes

Abstract

Pyridine (py) is an important heterocyclic compound and is an integral part of various natural products. There are various medicines containing py ring system being available in the market to combat different human ailments. Observing the medicine market, Omeprazole, a widely used py-based drug in medicinal market since 1998. Netupitant (an antiemitic drug, since 2014) is used in combination with another drug to prevent acute and delayed vomiting and nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy led the run towards development of anticancer drugs. Several drugs have been approved by FDA for the treatment of cancer in recent years such as, Abemaciclib (2015), Lorlatinib (2018), Apalutamide (2018) and Ivosidenib (2019). Research on py on the bases of these advancements is an evergreen field and associated with greater hopes to address several disease related issues. Several compounds are in the process of clinical trials and are expected to serve various purposes in days to come. This review article deals with recent findings in py chemistry and its coordination complexes. The medicinal efficiency has been argued for organic and inorganic derivatives. Selected biological applications are hereby discussed as follow up study of our report in 2015. Suitable literature prior to 2015 has also been incorporated in appropriate places in order to cover the scope in broader sense.

Ultrasound assisted synthesis of 5–7 membered heterocyclic rings in organic molecules

“…Netupitant (an antiemitic medication that has been on the market since 2014) is used in combination with another treatment to prevent immediate and delayed vomiting and nausea caused by cancer chemotherapy. In recent years, the FDA has approved several medications for the treatment of cancer, including Abemaciclib (2015), Lorlatinib (2018), Apalutamide (2018), and Ivosidenib (2019) [69]. 1,4-dihydropyridines are important cardiovascular agents and calcium channel blockers.…”

Nucleophilic Functionalization of 2-R-3-Nitropyridines as a Versatile Approach to Novel Fluorescent Molecules

“…The pyridine ring system is incorporated into alkaloids, medicines (for example, omeprazole, lorlatinib, ivosidenib and many others), fungicides, herbicides and insecticides. Application of the pyridine derivatives as biologically active precursors and coordination complexes was reviewed recently [ 1 ]. Nitropyridines are of particular interest due to their biological significance [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Bis(2‐, 3‐, 4‐carboxyethylpyridinium) hexafluorosilicates as potential caries prophylactic agents

“…[ 13,18 ] Our recent findings [ 21 ] show that of considerable interest are the AHFSs with substituted pyridinium cations [ 22,23 ] since these compounds reveal high WS, acceptable toxicological characteristics, and a wide spectrum of biological activity typical for pyridine ligands. [ 24‐26 ] In particular, hitherto unknown 2‐, 3‐, 4‐carboxyethylpyridinium hexafluorosilicates, whose cations contain a –CH 2 CH 2 COOH moiety, as a fragment of a well‐known pharmacophore, propionic acid possessing an anti‐inflammatory activity, are among the promising anticaries agents. [ 27 ]…”