Pyrite as promising monograin layer solar cell absorber material for in-situ solar cell fabrication on the Moon

Kristmann, Katriin; Raadik, T.; Altosaar, M.; Grossberg, Michael; Krustok, J.; Pilvet, Maris; Mikli, Valdek; Kauk-Kuusik, Marit; Makaya, Advenit

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.07.043

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Elemental impurities were measured using Agilent 8800 ICPMS/MS. 7 Li, 127 I and 133 Cs were measured in NoGas mode and 23 Na, 39 K, 40 Ca, 59 Co using He collision gas on mass. 52 Cr, 60 Ni, and 63 Cu were measured in O 2 mode as M 16 O + reaction products.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of FeS₂ pyrite microcrystals synthesized in different flux media

Kristmann,

Raadik,

Altosaar

et al. 2024

Mater. Adv.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of FeS₂ pyrite microcrystals synthesized in different flux media

Kristmann,

Raadik,

Altosaar

et al. 2024

Mater. Adv.

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“…Reproduced with permission from Kristman et al 2022. [ 97 ] The efficient plasma‐catalysed water and carbon dioxide splitting systems, producing syngas and then liquid fuel via the FTP are the core of the energy conversion sub‐system. Next, liquid fuel is the mass‐efficient energy storage system.…”

Section: Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

How to Survive at Point Nemo? Fischer–Tropsch, Artificial Photosynthesis, and Plasma Catalysis for Sustainable Energy at Isolated Habitats

Levchenko,

Xu,

Baranov

et al. 2023

Global Challenges

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Inhospitable, inaccessible, and extremely remote alike the famed pole of inaccessibility, aka Point Nemo, the isolated locations in deserts, at sea, or in outer space are difficult for humans to settle, let alone to thrive in. Yet, they present a unique set of opportunities for science, economy, and geopolitics that are difficult to ignore. One of the critical challenges for settlers is the stable supply of energy both to sustain a reasonable quality of life, as well as to take advantage of the local opportunities presented by the remote environment, e.g., abundance of a particular resource. The possible solutions to this challenge are heavily constrained by the difficulty and prohibitive cost of transportation to and from such a habitat (e.g., a lunar or Martian base). In this essay, the advantages and possible challenges of integrating Fischer–Tropsch, artificial photosynthesis, and plasma catalysis into a robust, scalable, and efficient self‐contained system for energy harvesting, storage, and utilization are explored.

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“…Copper, Ag, and Au in sulfides will be conductors in modern electronic equipment. Pyrite or other sulfides converted to pyrite can be used to make solar panels (Kristmann et al, 2022).…”

Section: Potential Resources Of the Moonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the long run, importing materials for constructing and developing lunar bases from Earth will be unsustainable. It will be cheaper to produce the necessary materials on-site, which will include sulfur concrete (Grugel and Toutanji, 2008), oxygen-based rocket fuel (Lomax et al, 2020), pyrite-based solar panels (Kristmann et al, 2022). In addition, there is great interest in extracting 3 He from ilmenite (Johnson et al, 1999;Fa and Jin, 2007;Kim et al, 2019) to transport it to the Earth, enabled by the high market price of this isotope.…”

Section: Goals Of the Lunar Mirores Mission And Its Justificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lunar ore geology and feasibility of ore mineral detection using a far-IR spectrometer

Ciążela¹,

Bakala²,

Kowaliński³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Lunar sulfides and oxides are a significant source of noble and base metals and will be vital for future human colonies’ self-sustainability. Sulfide detection (pyrite and troilite) applies to many technological fields and use cases, for example, as a raw material source (available in situ on the Lunar surface) for new solar panel production methods. Ilmenite is the primary iron and titanium ore on the Moon and can provide helium-3 for nuclear fusion and oxygen for rocket fuel. The most important ore minerals have prominent absorption peaks in a narrow far-infrared (FIR) wavelength range of 20–40 μm, much stronger than the spectral features of other common minerals, including significant silicates, sulfates, and carbonates. Our simulations based on the linear mixing of pyrite with the silicates mentioned above indicated that areas containing at least 10%–20% pyrite could be detected from the orbit in the FIR range. MIRORES, Multiplanetary far-IR ORE Spectrometer, proposed here, would operate with a resolution down to <5 m, enabling the detection of areas covered by 2–3 m2 of pyrite (or ilmenite) on a surface of ∼17 m2 from an altitude of 50 km, creating possibilities for detecting large and local smaller orebodies along with their stockworks. The use of the Cassegrain optical system achieves this capability. MIRORES will measure radiation in eight narrow bands (0.3 µm in width) that can include up to five bands centered on the ore mineral absorption bands, for example, 24.3, 24.9, 27.6, 34.2, and 38.8 µm for pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, ilmenite, and troilite, respectively. The instrument size is 32 x 32 x 42 cm, and the mass is <10 kg, which fits the standard microsatellite requirements.

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Pyrite as promising monograin layer solar cell absorber material for in-situ solar cell fabrication on the Moon

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Characterization of FeS₂ pyrite microcrystals synthesized in different flux media

Characterization of FeS₂ pyrite microcrystals synthesized in different flux media

How to Survive at Point Nemo? Fischer–Tropsch, Artificial Photosynthesis, and Plasma Catalysis for Sustainable Energy at Isolated Habitats

Lunar ore geology and feasibility of ore mineral detection using a far-IR spectrometer

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Pyrite as promising monograin layer solar cell absorber material for in-situ solar cell fabrication on the Moon

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Characterization of FeS2 pyrite microcrystals synthesized in different flux media

Characterization of FeS2 pyrite microcrystals synthesized in different flux media

How to Survive at Point Nemo? Fischer–Tropsch, Artificial Photosynthesis, and Plasma Catalysis for Sustainable Energy at Isolated Habitats

Lunar ore geology and feasibility of ore mineral detection using a far-IR spectrometer

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Characterization of FeS₂ pyrite microcrystals synthesized in different flux media

Characterization of FeS₂ pyrite microcrystals synthesized in different flux media