Pyrolysis and Combustion of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sheath for New and Aged Cables via Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared (TG-FTIR) and Calorimeter

Zhi, Wei; Wei, Ruichao; Wang, Xuehui; He, Junyi; Wang, Jian

doi:10.3390/ma11101997

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…With the temperature fixed at T max , the strongest characteristic absorbance can be obtained. Some possible compounds from FTIR characteristics absorbance bands, as summarized in Table 4 [33,34,35,36,37,38], were observed. Figure 3 shows the characteristics of absorbance of gaseous pyrolysis products of raw MDF at T max .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of KCl on Thermal Behavior and Reaction Kinetics of Medium Density Fiberboard Pyrolysis

Pan

Jiang

2019

Materials

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The effects of potassium chloride (KCl) on the pyrolysis of medium density fiberboard (MDF) were investigated by using thermogravimetry/Fourier-transfer infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). Five MDF samples treated with different KCl concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%) were heated with a heating rate of 20 °C/min. The thermogravimetry (TG) results showed that KCl caused the primary pyrolysis stage towards lower temperatures. The FTIR results indicated that with the concentrations of KCl, the formation of CH4 and C=O functional groups decreased while the formation of CO2 and CO increased. To figure out the reason for the observed phenomena, the kinetic parameters in primary pyrolysis and the secondary charring reaction were estimated by a differential evolution (DE) optimization algorithm. The prediction indicated that KCl shifted the initial degradation temperature of each component of MDF towards a lower temperature. Char and gas yields increased with the concentration of KCl, whereas the tar yield reduced. The changes in activation energies revealed that KCl played a catalyst role in the reaction of resin, hemicellulose and cellulose in primary pyrolysis. For lignin, KCl had little effect. In the secondary charring reaction, KCl apparently promoted the reaction of tar. The catalytic effect of KCl on MDF pyrolysis was the combination of primary pyrolysis and the secondary charring reaction. Finally, the optimal catalytic concentration for KCl on MDF pyrolysis was analyzed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of KCl on Thermal Behavior and Reaction Kinetics of Medium Density Fiberboard Pyrolysis

Pan

Jiang

2019

Materials

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“…The pyrolysis and combustion properties of new and aged polyvinyl chloride sheathed cables were investigated by Wang et al [22]. The following test method was used for investigation: thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), and cone calorimetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PVC-Based Copper Electric Wires under Various Fire Conditions: Toxicity of Fire Effluents

Kaczorek-Chrobak

Fangrat

2020

Materials

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Ventilation-controlled fires tend to be the worst for toxicity, because they produce large amounts of fire effluent containing high yields of toxic products. In order to examine the dependence of the amount of chosen few main combustion gases under ventilation-controlled conditions, a PVC-insulated copper electric wire with unknown composition (PVC filled with chalk) was studied by mean of a steady state tube furnace. For the tested wire, lower values of CO2 yields at different ventilation conditions were obtained than for the reference pure polymer unplasticized PVC and additionally tested pure LDPE, the yields were higher three times in the case of PVC and two times in the case of LDPE than those received for wire at the same ventilation conditions, which pointed out decreasing contribution of hyperventilation effect to human during cable fire. In contrast, higher values of toxic CO yields, four times higher, were obtained for the PVC-insulated electric wire rather than for the pure polymers. The maximum value of CO yield (0.57 g/g) was determined in the case of 5 L/min of primary airflow and decreased with increasing ventilation. The measured yields of hydrocarbons were similar to the reference values except for the equivalence ratio ϕ = 0.27, where hydrocarbon yield was equal to 0.45 g/g. The HCl yield of fire effluents from the PVC-insulated wire was shown to be independent of ventilation conditions. The corrosive reaction between copper and the HCl species and the flame-retardant mechanisms of the additives, caused the lower values of HCl in the fire effluent of the PVC-insulated copper wire than for pure polymer.

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“…Other sources of the halogen-containing flame retardants based especially on bromine substances are widely used to meet the flammability standards of products. Several recent scientific works dealing with diverse aspects of plastics containing PVC and halogenated flame retardants are well summarized in Materials [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Route for Extraction and Recycling of Critical, Strategic and High-Value Elements from By-Products and End-of-Life Materials, Part II: Processing in Presence of Halogenated Atmosphere

et al. 2020

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During the treatment of copper anode slime (CAS) under an air atmosphere, several aspects of the interactions of its main components (CuAgSe, Cu2−xSeyS1−y, Ag3AuSe2) with oxygen were described in Part I. As a comparative and complementary study, this work deals with the thermal behavior of CAS under air in the presence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) between 195 and 770 °C. The preliminary thermal treatment of an e-waste sample containing brominated substances was also performed. The reaction products were systematically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy through energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate the thermal behaviors of the studied samples in a halogenated medium. At low temperatures, the copper, silver and selenium compounds of the CAS reacted with the HCl, issued from PVC degradation, leading to the formation of their respective chlorides. Bromides of valuable metals (Cu, Pb, Sn…) were synthesized during the e-waste treatment at 500 °C and they were distributed between the solid residue and gaseous phase. The data obtained give an insight into the reactivity of several metals towards halogenated substances, which may be valuable information for conducting the extraction and recycling of targeted elements from industrial by-products and end-of-life materials by a thermochemical route.

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Pyrolysis and Combustion of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sheath for New and Aged Cables via Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared (TG-FTIR) and Calorimeter

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

Evaluating the Effects of KCl on Thermal Behavior and Reaction Kinetics of Medium Density Fiberboard Pyrolysis

Evaluating the Effects of KCl on Thermal Behavior and Reaction Kinetics of Medium Density Fiberboard Pyrolysis

PVC-Based Copper Electric Wires under Various Fire Conditions: Toxicity of Fire Effluents

Thermochemical Route for Extraction and Recycling of Critical, Strategic and High-Value Elements from By-Products and End-of-Life Materials, Part II: Processing in Presence of Halogenated Atmosphere

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