Pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry

Lyon, Richard E.; Walters, Richard N.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2370(03)00096-2

Cited by 437 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A slight decrease in THR for the PA6 formulations compared to the neat PA6 is a possible evidence for the improvement of flame spread and fire load [53]. Both PA6 formulations registered a reduction in the mean value of THR of approximately 1 kJ/g relative to PA6 (Table 3).…”

Section: Polymers 2015 7 14mentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

et al. 2015

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Through a straightforward approach, a new meltable, halogen-free, nitrogen-phosphorus-based flame retardant (FR), 6-(2-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ethyl) dibenzo [c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (DTE-DOPO) was synthesized and incorporated in polyamide 6 (PA6).It was proved that a very low phosphorus content of 1.46 wt % for DTE-DOPO additive improved the flame retardancy of PA6, leading to a non-flammable material. The performance of the new additive was compared to that of the commercially-available Exolit OP 1230. The PA6 formulations were evaluated by measuring the rheological, mechanical, and flammability behavior. Using compounding by melt extrusion, 17 wt % additives was introduced into PA6 matrix and the corresponding formulations were characterized. The results evidenced a higher homogeneity of DTE-DOPO with PA6, a high thermal stability with a catalyzing decomposition effect on PA6 caused by the presence of the new developed FR, enhanced elasticity for the PA6/DTE-DOPO formulation and a V0 rating for both formulations. Thermal and fire analysis indicated a primary gas-phase activity, combined with a complete suppression of the self-sustained burning for the PA6/DTE-DOPO formulation.Polymers 2015, 7 1542

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Section: Polymers 2015 7 14mentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

et al. 2015

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“…The pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (also known as microscale combustion calorimeter, MCC) is a powerful instrument to evaluate the fire behavior of milligram scale (mg-scale) samples [69]. It seems evident that mg-scale analysis will not depict the physical effects occurring at larger mass scale (e.g., dripping or intumescence).…”

Section: Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry (Pcfc) and It Modificamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heat release rate is calculated from the measured flow rate and oxygen concentration. Useful parameters can be obtained from this measurement, such as the total heat release per unit initial mass (HR), the heat release capacity (HRC) (HRC; defined as the maximum heat release rate divided by the constant heating rate), and the temperature at the maximum heat release rate (Tmax) [69].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry (Pcfc) and It Modificamentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The latest techniques used to prove, describe and analyze the gas phase activity of a fire retardant used in polymeric materials are briefly reviewed. Classical techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis or microscale combustion calorimetry, as well as complex and advanced analytical techniques, such as modified microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC), molecular beam mass spectroscopy and vacuum ultra violet (VUV) photoionization spectroscopy coupled with time of flight MS (TOF-MS), are described in this review. The recent advances in analytical techniques help not only in determining the gas phase activity of the flame-retardants but also identify possible reactive species responsible for gas phase flame inhibition. The complete understanding of the decomposition pathways and the flame retardant activity of a flame retardant system is essential for the development of new eco-friendly-tailored flame retardant molecules with high flame retardant efficiency.

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“…These differences are 41 probably attributed to differences in polymer synthesis or sample preparation. Lyon and Walters [124] point out that the "heat release capacity" of polymers (as determined by pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry) can vary by ± 20%, depending on the source of the sample.…”

Section: Thermal and Thermooxidative Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized pyrolysis model for combustible solids

Lautenberger

Fernandez-Pello

2009

Fire Safety Journal

307

259

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This dissertation presents the derivation, numerical implementation, and verification/validation of a generalized model that can be used to simulate the pyrolysis, gasification, and burning of a wide range of solid fuels encountered in fires. The model can be applied to noncharring and charring solids, composites, intumescent coatings, and smolder in porous media. Care is taken to make the model as general as possible, allowing the user to determine the appropriate level of complexity to include in a simulation. The model considers a user-specified number of gas phase and condensed phase species, each having its own temperature-dependent thermophysical properties.Any number of heterogeneous (gas-solid) or homogeneous (solid-solid or gas-gas) reactions can be specified. Both in-depth radiation transfer through semi-transparent media and radiation transport across pores are considered. Volume change (surface regression or swelling/intumescence) is handled by allowing the size of grid points to change as dictated by mass conservation. All volatiles generated inside the solid escape to the ambient with no resistance to mass transfer unless a pressure solver is invoked; the resultant flow of volatiles is then calculated according to Darcy's law. A gas phase 2 convective-diffusive solver can be invoked to determine the composition of the volatiles.Oxidative pyrolysis is simulated by modeling diffusion of oxygen from the ambient into the pyrolyzing solid where it may participate in reactions. Consequently, the mass flux and composition of volatiles escaping from the solid can be calculated. To aid in determining the required input parameters, the model is coupled to a genetic algorithm that can be used to estimate the required input parameters from bench-scale fire tests or thermogravimetric analysis.

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Pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry

Cited by 437 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

Generalized pyrolysis model for combustible solids

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