Pyrolysis, morphology and microwave absorption properties of tobacco stem materials

N, S-Codoped Activated Carbon Material with Ultra-High Surface Area for High-Performance Supercapacitors

“…The first stage involves water evaporation below 200 °C, and the second is a sharp decline between 220–370 °C, attributed to the devolatilization of organic tissue. The third is the slow decline of the weight after 400 °C, which can be regarded as the carbonization process [ 18 ]. Because the weight of the sample did not decrease markedly over 500 °C, the preparation temperature of the precursors was set at 550 °C.…”

Analysis and application evaluation of the flavour-precursor and volatile-aroma-component differences between waste tobacco stems

“…For a long time, much research has focused on TS pretreatment and processing technological innovation to improve its utilization. Some pretreatments and innovation processes, e.g., microwave ( Zi et al., 2013a , 2013b , 2019 ), high-pressure ( Zhou, 2019 ), soaking ( Zhou, 2019 ), enzymes ( Xue et al., 2014 ), microorganisms ( Chen et al., 2013 ), chemical additives ( Chen et al., 2018 ) and other pretreatments, can effectively degrade macromolecular substances such as sugar, pectin, cellulose and lignin and improve conventional chemical compounds and increase the content of aroma components in TS. In particular, the technological innovation of microwaves expanding the TS has provided a new direction for the value-added utilization of agricultural waste resources.…”

“…In particular, the technological innovation of microwaves expanding the TS has provided a new direction for the value-added utilization of agricultural waste resources. The TS of microwave expansion can be prepared into porous material, and the product has good filling and physical adsorption properties ( Zi et al., 2013a , 2013b ), which has been widely used as a cigarette formulation material ( Zi et al., 2019 ), reconstituted tobacco leaf modified particles ( Zeng et al., 2012 ; Song et al., 2021 ; Banožić et al., 2020 ) and filter adsorption material ( Zi et al., 2019 ). This technology can effectively avoid environmental pollution and energy consumption caused by water washing or extraction pretreatment, high temperature, and high humidity expansion in the traditional treatment process of TS.…”

“…It is a necessary additive in reconstituted tobacco leaves, which can give off the original tobacco fragrance and conceal the odour and woodiness of reconstituted tobacco. Expanded cut stems have the advantages of high filling value, good combustibility, and low tar release in cigarette products and have become an essential ingredient in cigarette formulations ( Zi et al., 2019 ; Zhao et al., 2019 ). However, when the expanded cut stems are combusted, the aroma is weak, the woody smell is heavier, and the irritation is more remarkable, which affects the amount and scope of use in cigarette products.…”

Optimization of activated carbon production from corn cob using response surface methodology

“…Conventional pyrolysis is achieved using a bath furnace with high thermal inertia and low electricity conversion efficiency (Arpia et al, 2021). Microwave-assisted pyrolysis has a higher efficiency in the heating process because energy transfer is facilitated through the interaction of molecules inside the biomass rather than heat transfer from external sources (Zi et al, 2019;Li et al, 2022). The main advantages of microwave heating are shorter retention time, better overall efficiency, and a faster and more controllable process (Elsa and James, 2017;Arpia et al, 2021;Yu et al, 2022).…”