Q CELLS &gt; 24% Silicon Solar Cells With Mass-Production Processes

Fertig, Fabian; Klöter, B.; Höger, I.; Petter, K.; Jarzembowski, Enrico; Junghänel, M.; Klenke, C.; Weihrauch, Anika; Schley, Michael; Kim, Kyunghun; Schwabedissen, A.; Kauert, Maximilian; Duncker, Klaus; Cieslak, J.; Hönig, R.; Scharf, Jessica; Kersten, F.; Wasmer, Sven; Ke, Changjian; Baer, C. D.; Gerbig, Christian; Burtone, Lorenzo; Niebergall, L.; Schütze, M.; Queck, M.; To, Alexander; Schulz, Susanne; Peters, S.; Mette, A.; Schaper, Martin; Fischer, Markus; Müller, Jörg

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2021.3112122

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The rear TOPCon structure is covered by a SiN x layer which also serves as hydrogen source and improves the optical properties of the solar cell. Excellent efficiencies of 24% and more have been already demonstrated [62][63][64][65] for the i-TOPCon cell structure. Some announcements for TOPCon cells even claim efficiencies of more than 25%.…”

Section: Majority Transport In Topcon Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon‐based passivating contacts: The TOPCon route

Glunz

Steinhauser

Polzin

et al. 2021

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Passivating contacts based on poly-Si/SiO x structures also known as TOPCon (tunnel oxide passivated contacts) have a great potential to improve the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells, resulting in more than 26% and 24% for laboratory and industrial cells, respectively. This publication gives an overview of the historical development of such contact structures which have started already in the 1980s and describes the current state-of-the-art in laboratory and industry. In order to demonstrate the great variety of scientific and technological research, four different research topics are addressed in more detail: (i) the superior passivation quality of TOPCon structures made it necessary to re-parametrize intrinsic recombination in silicon, (ii) the control of diffusion of dopants through the intermediate SiO x layer is essential to optimize passivation and transport properties, (iii) single-sided deposition of the poly-Si layer would reduce process complexity for industrial TOPCon cells, and (iv) silicon-based tunnel junctions for perovskite-silicon tandem cells can be fabricated using the TOPCon technology.

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Section: Majority Transport In Topcon Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon‐based passivating contacts: The TOPCon route

Glunz

Steinhauser

Polzin

et al. 2021

Progress in Photovoltaics

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“…Here, we present a perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with an industrial silicon bottom cell based on Qcells’ Q.ANTUM technology that is currently mass-manufactured on a GW scale. The tandem exhibits a 28.7% PCE and an active area of 1 cm 2 . , To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported efficiency of such a tandem solar cell based on a PERx/TOPCon silicon bottom cell.…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The tandem exhibits a 28.7% PCE and an active area of 1 cm 2 . 12,13 To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported efficiency of such a tandem solar cell based on a PERx/ TOPCon silicon bottom cell.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cell with 28.7% Efficiency Using Industrial Silicon Bottom Cells

Sveinbjörnsson

Mariotti

et al. 2022

ACS Energy Lett.

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“…The maximum efficiency of silicon-based homojunction solar cells can reach 29% in theory [1]. However, in the experiment, it is around 24% [2]. This difference is due to thermal, optical and electrical losses [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Investigation of n-ZnO/p-Si and n-TiO₂/p-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: TCAD + DFT

et al. 2023

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This paper focuses on exploring new materials and structure as a means to increase the efficiency of solar cells. Since silicon is widespread on earth, it is desirable to study heterojunction solar cells made mainly of silicon and new materials. Therefore, ZnO/Si and TiO2/Si heterojunction solar cells were studied in this paper. First, the electrical and optical properties of ZnO and TiO2 were determined using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE), PBE functional revised for solids (PBESol) and Perdew-Wang (PW91) functionals of the Generalized gradient approximation (GGA) in Density Functional Theory (DFT). The obtained results in various functionals are assessed and analyzed. It was found that geometric optimized structures of TiO2 and ZnO is mechanical stable. Accordingly, in all functionals, the effective mass of the electron in ZnO and TiO2 proved to be smaller than that of the hole. The mobility of electrons and holes in ZnO was calculated to be 430.72 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and 5.25 cm 2 V -1 s -1 respectively. In TiO2, it was 355.27 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and 46.38 cm 2 V -1 s -1 . When PW91, PBESol, PBE functionals were used, the dielectric constant was determined to be 11, 11.5, 8.5 for ZnO and 9.5, 10, 9 for TiO2, respectively. According to the DFT results, it was determined that ZnO and TiO2 are transparent and mainly n-type direct semiconductors. According to device simulation, the maximum short-circuit current of ZnO/Si and TiO2/Si heterojunction solar cells is 18 mA/cm 2 at a thickness of 80 nm and 15.3 mA/cm 2 at a thickness of 40 nm. Finally, the average fill factor of ZnO/Si and TiO2/Si solar cells was 0.73 and 0.76 respectively. So TiO2 can be used as a transparent contact and ZnO as an emitter layer in a silicon-based solar cell.

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Q CELLS > 24% Silicon Solar Cells With Mass-Production Processes

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Silicon‐based passivating contacts: The TOPCon route

Silicon‐based passivating contacts: The TOPCon route

Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cell with 28.7% Efficiency Using Industrial Silicon Bottom Cells

Investigation of n-ZnO/p-Si and n-TiO₂/p-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: TCAD + DFT

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Q CELLS > 24% Silicon Solar Cells With Mass-Production Processes

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Silicon‐based passivating contacts: The TOPCon route

Silicon‐based passivating contacts: The TOPCon route

Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cell with 28.7% Efficiency Using Industrial Silicon Bottom Cells

Investigation of n-ZnO/p-Si and n-TiO2/p-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: TCAD + DFT

Contact Info

Product

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Investigation of n-ZnO/p-Si and n-TiO₂/p-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: TCAD + DFT