QoS oriented Opportunistic Routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Abstract-In the field, Wireless Sensor Networks face the harsh reality of radio physics, including asymmetric and long-range transient links. Classic routing schemes are hindered by these links, and therefore prune them from the network topology. In this paper, we investigate how to put these opportunistic wireless links to good use and actually provide higher quality of service. We propose QOR, short for QoS oriented Opportunistic Routing protocol for data collection in Wireless Sensor Networks. Unlike classic routing schemes, QOR takes advantage of opportunistic links to provide faster and more reliable transmissions.Our contribution is threefold. First, we propose a joint routing structure and addressing scheme that allows to identify a limited set of nodes than can become opportunistic relayers between a source sensor and the sink. Second, we define an original cascaded acknowledgement mechanism that brings reliable acknowledgment and replication-free forwarding to the opportunistic communication scheme. Finally, our performance evaluation assesses that QOR efficiently uses opportunistic links to provide reliable and replication-free data delivery.

A Survey on Opportunistic Routing in Wireless Communication Networks

“…Token-based Coordination Method: In token-based coordination [35], [75], only the token holder can transmit packets and duplicate transmission is totally prevented but at the cost of higher control overhead. Basically, a candidate relay stores overheard packets and transmits them only when a token arrives.…”

“…Thus, ARQ mechanisms should be introduced, either at the network or link layer, in order to provide transmission reliability. Prior works [18], [33], [34], [52], [59], [75], [76], considered two options: end-to-end acknowledgements generated by the final destination [18], [34], [59], and hopby-hop acknowledgements generated by the forwarders [62], [76]. The end-to-end approach reduces packet overhead, but it may lead to higher delay since the forwarding progress depends on acknowledgements generated by the destination.…”

A Comprehensive Survey on Opportunistic Routing Protocols for MANETs: Issues, Challenges and Future Directions

“…Energy-Efficient Opportunistic Routing protocol (EEOR) [71] The protocols Parallel-OR [73] and QoS Oriented Opportunistic Routing protocol (QOR) [74] tried to increase the throughput of data transmission in the network by using information on signal power from lower layers. Both the protocols exploited multiple paths to the destination.…”

Review on Opportunistic Routing Protocols for Dynamic Ad hoc Networks: Taxonomy, Applications and Future Research Directions

“…The protocols Parallel-OR [63] and QoS Oriented Opportunistic Routing protocol (QOR) [64] tried to increase the throughput of data transmission in the network by using information on signal power from lower layers. Both the protocols exploited multiple paths to the destination.…”