Quality control and producing areas differentiation of Gardeniae Fructus for eight bioactive constituents by HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS

Wu, Xin; Zhou, Yuan; Yin, Fan; Mao, Chunqin; Li, Lin; Cai, Baochang; Lu, Tulin

doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.002

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Some methods have been established for simultaneous quantification of GE and GP. The methods are either for determination of nonbiological samples or have low sensitivity (Chen, Han, Zhang, Lu, & Shi, ; Hou, Tsai, Lai, Chen, & Chao, ; Wang, Liao, Lee, Huang, & Tsai, ; Wu et al, ; Zhang et al, ), which is not sufficient for the pharmacokinetics study of GE and GP. It is necessary to develop a sensitive method for simultaneous determination of GE and GP in biological samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sensitive LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of geniposide and its active metabolite genipin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

Shi

Pan

et al. 2017

Biomedical Chromatography

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Genipin (GP), an active metabolite of geniposide (GE), exhibits more potent pharmacological effects than its parent compound. In this paper, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and fully validated for the simultaneous determination of GE and GP in rat plasma. We found that GP degraded rapidly in rat plasma at room temperature as a result of irreversible binding with the endogenous nucleophiles in plasma. GP was stable when the sample's pH was ≤4.0. The degradation of GP in rat plasma was well prevented by immediate addition of 5% glacial acetic acid to the freshly collected plasma. The detection was performed on a tandem mass spectrometer coupled with electrospray ionization source in negative mode. Quantification was conducted by multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions [M + CH COO] m/z 447.3 → 225.3 for GE and [M - H] m/z 225.2 → 123.1 for GP. The method exhibited high sensitivity (LLOQ 1 ng/mL for GE and 0.2 ng/mL for GP) by selecting the acetate adduct ions as the precursor ions for GE. The robust developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of GE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sensitive LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of geniposide and its active metabolite genipin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

Shi

Pan

et al. 2017

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…Other reports showed 24.87 mg/g from China (Tong et al ., 2015), 26.60 mg/g from Greece (Koulakiotis et al, 2015), 29.00 mg/g from Morocco (Gonda et al, 2012), 32.60 mg/g from Iran, 49.80 mg/g from Italy (Masi et al, 2016) or 89.00 mg/g from Nepal (Li et al, 2018). In Gardenia fruits, crocins levels range from 2.60 to 8.37 mg/g (Ouyang et al, 2011; Wu et al, 2014). The picrocrocin content ranges from 7.90 to 129.40 mg/g in Spanish saffron.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient production of saffron crocins and picrocrocin inNicotiana benthamianausing a virus-driven system

Martí¹,

Diretto²,

Aragonés³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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22Crocins and picrocrocin are glycosylated apocarotenoids responsible, respectively, 23 for the color and the unique taste of the saffron spice, known as red gold due to its 24 high price. Several studies have also shown the health-promoting properties of these 25 compounds. However, their high costs hamper the wide use of these metabolites in 26 the pharmaceutical sector. We have developed a virus-driven system to produce 27 remarkable amounts of crocins and picrocrocin in adult Nicotiana benthamiana 28 plants in only two weeks. The system consists of viral clones derived from tobacco 29 etch potyvirus that express specific carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) enzymes 30 from Crocus sativus and Buddleja davidii. Metabolic analyses of infected tissues 31 demonstrated that the sole virus-driven expression of C. sativus CsCCD2L or B. 32 davidii BdCCD4.1 resulted in the production of crocins, picrocrocin and safranal. 33 2 Using the recombinant virus that expressed CsCCD2L, accumulations of 0.2% of 34 crocins and 0.8% of picrocrocin in leaf dry weight were reached in only two weeks. 35 In an attempt to improve apocarotenoid content in N. benthamiana, co-expression 36 of CsCCD2L with other carotenogenic enzymes, such as Pantoea ananatis phytoene 37 synthase (PaCrtB) and saffron -carotene hydroxylase 2 (BCH2), was performed 38 using the same viral system. This combinatorial approach led to an additional crocin 39 increase up to 0.35% in leaves in which CsCCD2L and PaCrtB were co-expressed. 40 Considering that saffron apocarotenoids are costly harvested from flower stigma 41 once a year, and that Buddleja spp. flowers accumulate lower amounts, this system 42 may be an attractive alternative for the sustainable production of these appreciated 43 metabolites. 44 45

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“…Figure 7 overviews the pharmacological activities of Gardenia jasminoides. 4 geniposidic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), genipin-1-β-gentiobioside (3), geniposide (4), genipin (5), rutin (6), crocin-1 (7), crocin-2 (8) - (7), and two new pyronane glycosides, jasminosides Q and R (13 and 14, resp. ), along with nine known iridoid glycosides, 1-6 and 8-10, and two known pyronane glycosides, 11 and 12…”

Section: Pharmacological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Intellectual Property Landscape of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: a Review

Phatak¹

2015

Phcog J

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Quality control and producing areas differentiation of Gardeniae Fructus for eight bioactive constituents by HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

A sensitive LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of geniposide and its active metabolite genipin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

A sensitive LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of geniposide and its active metabolite genipin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

Efficient production of saffron crocins and picrocrocin inNicotiana benthamianausing a virus-driven system

Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Intellectual Property Landscape of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: a Review

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