“…Many clinical studies and trials suggested that HbA1c levels may be associated with cardiovascular disease [ 10 ], diabetic stroke, diabetic nephropathy, chronic microvascular complications and fundus oculi lesion, etc. So far HbA1c has been recommended for screening and diagnosis of diabetes by American Diabetes Association [ [11] , [12] , [13] ]. Similar recommendations were proposed by WHO as well as other countries.…”