Purpose
Breast cancer patients and caregivers experience anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain symptoms during treatment which can have both interpersonal and intrapersonal effects. The present study sought to determine which times during the first year of breast cancer treatment has the greatest risk of interpersonal influence on patient and caregiver symptoms.
Methods
Data were collected from 48 estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) stage I-III breast cancer patients and their identified caregivers throughout the first year of primary treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation). Data were collected at clinically relevant time points across the first year of treatment (i.e., baseline [before treatment], 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of treatment). Patients and their caregivers completed self-report measures of psychological and physiological distress symptoms at each time point. All symptom measures were collected using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Data were analyzed using longitudinal Actor-Partner Interdependence Modeling.
Results
Results revealed that, intrapersonally for both patients and caregivers, preceding anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain predicted poorer functioning at subsequent time points, with a few exceptions. Interpersonally, patients' anxiety at 6 weeks predicted greater caregiver anxiety at 6 months postoperative. Additionally, patient fatigue at baseline and 6 months predicted poorer caregiver fatigue at 6 weeks and 12 months, respectively.
Conclusion
These findings identify that anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain affect one's own later functioning. Further, anxiety and fatigue are vulnerable to interpersonal “spillover” of symptoms, particularly for caregivers, starting early in treatment. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.