Quality suitability regionalization analysis of Angelica sinensis in Gansu, China

Abstract

The genus Angelica encompasses 80 species worldwide. Among them, only Angelica sinensis is widely used in China and Japan. To explore the quality and geographical distribution of A. sinensis, we collected 1,530 plants from Gansu Province and analyzed them for their contents of chlorogenic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), senkyunolide I(SI), senkyunolide A(SA), senkyunolide H (SH), coniferyl ferulate (CF), ligustilide (LI), and butenyl phthalide (BP) using UPLC. We also assessed the relationship between the ecological environment and quality of A. sinensis through maximum entropy modeling and a geographical information system. The habitat suitability distribution demonstrated that the most influential ecological factors for the growth of A. sinensis were altitude, precipitation during March, May, and December, precipitation during the wettest month, and the soil pH. The most suitable areas for cultivation are concentrated to the south of Gansu Province, including Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Dingxi City, Tianshui City, south of Wuwei City, east of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, north of Longnan City, and northwest of Pingliang City. The quality suitability regionalization analysis divulged that the most influential ecological factors for the index components of A. sinensis were the altitude, sunshine, rainfall, temperature, and soil pH. The highest quality A. sinensis grow in Dingxi City, Tangchang, Lixian, and Wen counties in Longnan City, Wushan County in Tianshui City, Lintan, Zhouqu, and Zhuoni counties in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangle and Linxia counties in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. The experiment yielded highly accurate results (accuracy of 0.955), suggesting that the results were consistent with the actual distribution of A. sinensis in Gansu. The inferences of this research will naturally draw the attention of the authorities in the fields of natural resources and agriculture departments and provide a scientific basis for the rational selection of A. sinensis cultivation areas.

Cool Temperature Enhances Growth, Ferulic Acid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis While Inhibiting Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Angelica sinensis

“…After 30 days growth (see Figure S3 ), plants were harvested for physiological measurement, metabolites determination and mRNA quantification. Herein, higher temperatures such as 30 °C is excluded from treatments because A. sinensis is an alpine plant that prefers a cool environment with average annual temperatures ranging from 4 to 9 °C [ 1 , 2 , 9 ].…”

“…Minxian county and surrounding counties (e.g., Tanchang, Zhangxian, Weiyuan, Zhuoni and Lintan) of Gansu province are known as the geo-authentic areas due to roots containing more bioactive compounds [ 2 , 7 , 8 ]. Analyses on geo-authentic A. sinensis grown in Gansu region have deduced that altitude, temperature, sunshine and rainfall are the most influential ecological factors for the accumulation of bioactive compounds (ferulic acid, ligustilide, chlorogenic acid, coniferyl ferulate, senkyunolide A, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide I, butenyl phthalide and levistilide A) [ 9 , 10 ]. Investigations into the role of altitude ( ca.…”

“…Flavonoid biosynthesis was catalyzed by enzymes such as chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) [ 23 , 24 ]. On the other hand, the biosynthesis pathway of phthalides, especially in ligustilide, and the genes that participate in regulating the biosynthesis are still limited [ 9 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Differential Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Two Cultivars of Angelica sinensis

“…In order to improve the yield and quality of A. sinensis , strategies undertaken include selecting suitable cultivation areas [ 3 , 9 ], cultivating with standard methods [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], inhibiting early bolting and flowering [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], and breeding fine cultivars [ 16 ]. Currently, six A. sinensis cultivars that are recorded include: Mingui 1 (M1) with a purple stem, Mingui 2 (M2) with a green stem, and Mingui 5, with bigger leaves selected using a systematic breeding method, as well as Mingui 3, Mingui 4 and 6 from the M1 irradiated by heavy ion (55 Mev/u 40 Ar 17+ ) [ 17 ].…”

Insights into the deriving of rhizosphere microenvironments and its effects on the growth of authentic Angelica sinensis seedlings under continuous monoculture

“…Diels (A. sinensis) is an important medicinal plant, which is cultivated in Asia, Africa and some areas of South America (Lu, 2020). This plant is also a typical geo-authentic medicinal herb, and the growth and active components are in uenced by soil pH, rainfall, temperature, altitude, and other ecological factors (Xu et al, 2020;Katoh et al, 2011). In China, A. sinensis has been cultivated for about 2000 years, mainly grown in Gansu, Yunnan, Qinghai, Sichuan and Shanxi (Zhu et al, 2021).…”