Quantification and human health risk assessment of by-products of photo catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene, xylene and toluene in indoor air of analytical laboratories

Dhada, Indramani; Sharma, Mukesh; Nagar, Pavan K.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.079

Cited by 53 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Table lists the main organic compounds and their proton affinities. The proton affinities are all higher than that of H 2 O (691 kJ·mol –1 ), thus facilitating the proton transfer reaction …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nevertheless, most of the existing studies of NTP‐mediated VOCs removal have focused on improving the removal efficiency . Except for the quantification and human health risk assessment of by‐products resulting from photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs, till now few reports have dealt with the qualitative and quantitative analyses of products obtained in a typical NTP process, let alone assessing the health risks associated with these organic products. This can be partially attributed to the fact that the decomposition pathways and the intermediates formed both in the gas phase and in the solid phase are so complex that there are no effective methods to trace the processes directly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification and risk assessment of organic products resulting from non‐thermal plasma removal of toluene in nitrogen

Peng

et al. 2017

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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A health-related index (HRI) was introduced to assess the health risks associated with these organic products. The HRI was not correlated with the removal efficiency (η), with higher η possibly yielding higher HRI, associated with higher health risks. Specific input energy (SIE) was a key factor affecting the formation of the observed organic products and their HRI values. We conclude that in practical applications, SIE, HRI, and η must be balanced.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and risk assessment of organic products resulting from non‐thermal plasma removal of toluene in nitrogen

Peng

et al. 2017

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…On the other hand, toluene and xylenes have not been confirmed by the EPA IRIS as cancerous VOCs. However, some damages to human health have been identified by being exposed to toluene and all xylene isomers (Dhada et al, 2016). Immediate contact with toluene at high concentrations can cause temporary headache and dizziness, while permanent hearing/vision loss, retardation of mental capabilities, reduction in reproductive abilities and disorders in kidney/liver/immune system may be symptoms of repetitive exposures to toluene (Meek and Chan, 1994).…”

Section: Effects Of Vocs On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of volatile organic compounds from crude oil processing – Global emission inventory and environmental release

Rajabi

Mosleh

Mandal

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

143

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Airborne Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to have strong and adverse impacts on human health and the environment by contributing to the formation of tropospheric ozone.VOCs can escape during various stages of crude oil processing, from extraction to refinery, hence the crude oil industry is recognised as one of the major sources of VOC release into the environment. In the last few decades, volatile emissions from crude oil have been investigated either directly by means of laboratory and field-based analyses, or indirectly via emission inventories (EIs) which have been used to develop regulatory and controlling measures in the petroleum industry. There is a vast amount of scattered data in the literature for both regional emissions from crude oil processing and scientific measurements of VOC releases. This paper aims to provide a critical analysis of the overall scale of global emissions of VOCs from all stages of oil processing based on data reported in the literature. The volatile compounds, identified via EIs of the crude oil industry or through direct emissions from oil mass, are collected and analysed to present a global-scale evaluation of type, average concentration and detection frequency of the most prevalent VOCs. We provide a critical analysis on the total averages of VOCs and key pieces of evidence which highlights the necessity of implementing control measures to regulate crude oil volatile emissions (CVEs) in primary steps of extractionto-refinery pathways of crude oil processing. We have identified knowledge gaps in this field which are of importance to control the release of VOCs from crude oil, independent of oil type, location, operating conditions and metrological parameters.

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“…This, in turn, could reduce the photocatalytic activity for VOCs degradation. Photocatalytic deactivation was inevitable during the PCO of aromatic VOCs. − Weon et al found that TiO 2 deactivated rapidly during the PCO of toluene compared with acetaldehyde, owing to the generation and accumulation of carbonaceous intermediates (benzyl aldehyde or acid) on the surface of the TiO 2 . These intermediates could further react with hydroxyl radicals to generate recalcitrant polymers, which blocked the active sites and hindered the photocatalytic reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the Gas–Water Interface to Enhance Photocatalytic Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds

Chai

Cao

et al. 2021

ACS EST Eng.

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The gas–water interface plays an important role in the photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Herein, a novel photocatalytic reactor with a tunable gas–water interface was designed and utilized to investigate the performance of photocatalytic degradation of VOCs. The relationship between the key operating parameters of the reactor and VOCs mineralization was investigated in detail with toluene as a model pollutant. The results showed that a tunable gas–water interface was formed in the process of atomized spray photocatalytic oxidation. Furthermore, the photocatalyst was easily excited by light, generating more free radicals, which was conducive to improving the mineralization performance of toluene and the durability of the catalyst. The intermediates of the toluene reaction were analyzed by photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), total organic carbon (TOC), and electrospray ionization–ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI–MS). The results show that abundant hydroxyl radicals are formed at the gas–water interface, which is beneficial to the opening of the benzene ring and greatly reduces the formation of toxicity and byproducts. Simultaneously, we investigated the degradation performance of acetone, formaldehyde, and n-hexane in the reactor. This provides a new strategy for using photocatalytic technology to purify industrial flue gas and indoor air.

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Quantification and human health risk assessment of by-products of photo catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene, xylene and toluene in indoor air of analytical laboratories

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Quantification and risk assessment of organic products resulting from non‐thermal plasma removal of toluene in nitrogen

Quantification and risk assessment of organic products resulting from non‐thermal plasma removal of toluene in nitrogen

Emissions of volatile organic compounds from crude oil processing – Global emission inventory and environmental release

Controlling the Gas–Water Interface to Enhance Photocatalytic Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds

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