Quantification of Endoglucanase Activity based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose in Four Fungi Isolated from an Aerated Lagoon in a Pulp and Paper Mill

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify cellulolytic fungal strains capable of degrading cellulose from an aerated lagoon in a pulp and paper mill. Four fungal strains that were found to be highly active were isolated on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and suggested to be CMCase/endoglucanase. The identified strains were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, and Mucor sp. All the strains were studied in terms of cultural morphological characteristics and microscopic examinations. The endoglucanase with the highest isolate production was Penicillium sp., which also showed the highest qualitative endoglucanase activity (1.3 cm), in addition to the main activity of endoglucanase with 297 mmol/mg.min after 116 h. The results indicated that CMC is able to induce endoglucanase enzyme production and that the fungal isolates showed significant cellulose degradation properties.

Saccharification and Fermentation of Cellulolytic Agricultural Biomass to Bioethanol using Locally Isolated Aspergillus niger S48 and Kluyveromyces sp. Y2, respectively

“…These values recorded in this study were less than 54.33 mm that was reported by Abd Elrsoul and Bakhiet [30]. However, the zone of hydrolysis we reported were higher compared to 0.7 ± 0.13 cm and 0.5 ± 0.11 cm that were reported by Ordaz-Diaz et al [31] for Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. The differences observed in the zone of hydrolysis could be attributed to the cellulase activity by the different strains of Aspergillus used in the study [32].…”

Zeta Potential as a Tool to Evaluate the Optimum Performance of a Coagulation-flocculation Process for Wastewater Internal Treatment for Recirculation in the Pulp and Paper Process

“…The effluent used for this study was the same studied by (Ordaz-Díaz et al 2014;Ordaz-Díaz et al 2016). Three types of wastewater samples were analyzed, dependent upon the type of fibrous formulation (Table 2).…”

Determining Cellulolytic Activity of Microorganisms

“…CMC-agar [g/dm 3 ] for bacteria: (NH4)2SO4 0.5; KH2PO4 10.0; K2HPO4 5.0; MgSO4 0,1; NaCl 0.2; yeast extract 10.0; CMC 3.0 (plate stained with a Congo red) [22] CMC-agar [%] for bacteria: NaNO3 0,2; K2HPO4 0.1; MgSO4 0.05; KCl 0.05; CMC-Na 0.2; pepton 0.02; agar 1.7 (plate stained with a Congo red or Gram's iodine) [15,35] CMC-agar for fungi [%]: water agar 1.6, CMC 1.0; kanamycin (50 µg/cm 3 ) [36] Study material in the form of cultures, fungal spores or supernatant obtained after centrifuging a microorganism culture, is pooled on the medium surface or inserted into wells cut in the medium with a cork borer. Cultivations are incubated for a definite time, depending on the origin of the biological material: bacteria at 30 °C for 48 h [27], 37 °C for 24 h [24] and fungi at 28 °C for 48 h [11], 25-30 °C for 5-7 days [37]. Cellulolytic activity can be measured in time intervals, e.g.…”

“…After incubation, various substances are added to the medium, in order to visualise hydrolysis zones of the substrate present in the medium. The solution of Congo red in the concentration from 0.1 % [16,24,38] to 1.0 % [3,11,27,37] is most frequently used. The dye is left for 15 min [3,11,24,27], the excess is removed and the medium is next covered with 1M solution of NaCl for 15-20 min [3,10,15,21,37].…”

“…The solution of Congo red in the concentration from 0.1 % [16,24,38] to 1.0 % [3,11,27,37] is most frequently used. The dye is left for 15 min [3,11,24,27], the excess is removed and the medium is next covered with 1M solution of NaCl for 15-20 min [3,10,15,21,37]. The medium can also be inundated with iodine solution for 5 [39] -10 min [15,35] or trypan blue [40].…”