Quantification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with and without tuberculosis

Naishadham, Yashovardhan; Jogishetty, Vijay Kumar; Pacha, Venkat Baghirath; Balla, Sudheer B.; Vinay, B Hari; Naishadham, P Parameswar

doi:10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_194_18

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In dental clinics, aerosols generated through drills and scalers can potentially splatter or aerosolise and move within the indoor environment. Body fluids or blood from patients may harbour viruses (such as mumps, measles, rubella, HSV 1 and 2, HIV, HBV, SARS-CoV, influenza A H5N1, influenza A H1N1, MERS-CoV or SARs-CoV-2), or bacterial pathogens (such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Legionella pneumophilla) some of which can be transmitted through aerosols and water mists [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Studies in nursing home and long-term care-home residents have shown that infections account for 27% to 63% of hospitalizations in the United States [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a novel non-intrusive continuous-use air decontamination technology to reduce microbial contamination in clinical settings: A multi-centric study

Nagaraj

Chandrasingh

Jose

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Despite rigorous disinfection, fumigation and air treatment, infectious microbial load has been found to circulate and survive for significant duration in health care settings. This raises significant concerns for hospital acquired infections. We have developed a novel, hybrid, trap-and-kill airborne-microbicidal technology called ZeBox which is efficient in clearing 99.999% of airborne microbial load under controlled lab conditions. In this study we evaluate the clinical performance of the ZeBox in reducing airborne and surface microbial load in two independent hospital settings. Methods: The studies were conducted in single bed and multi bed ICU of two hospitals. Airborne and surface microbial loads were collected at pre-determined sampling sites pre- and post-deployment of the ZeBox enabled device. The Normality of data distribution was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistical significance was determined using Students T test and Mann-Whitneys U test. Pathogenic and opportunistic organisms were characterized using 16S rDNA sequencing. Furthermore, the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated organisms was tested against current treatments of choice across major antibiotic classes. Results: Post-deployment, we found statistically significant reductions in both airborne and surface microbial load within the operating range of the ZeBox enabled technology . Across the both hospital ICUs, there was 90% reduction of airborne microbial load on average, and 75% reduction of surface microbial load on average, providing a low bioburden zone of roughly 10-15 feet diameter around the unit. These reduced microbial levels were maintained during the entire duration of device operation over several weeks. Many of the clinical isolates recovered from one of the hospitals were drug resistant, which highlighted the potential ability of ZeBox to eliminate drug-resistant microbes and thereby reduce the frequency of hospital acquired infections. Conclusions: ZeBox enabled technology can significantly reduce a broad spectrum of microbial burden in air and on surfaces in clinical settings. It can thereby serve an unmet need in reducing the incidence of hospital acquired infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a novel non-intrusive continuous-use air decontamination technology to reduce microbial contamination in clinical settings: A multi-centric study

Nagaraj

Chandrasingh

Jose

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The efficiency of the demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in histological specimens is low, as there is a relative scarcity of tubercle bacilli in oral biopsies. [9]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of oral lesions in tuberculosis: A cross sectional study

Rout

Modipalle

Hedge³

et al. 2019

J Family Med Prim Care

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Objective:Tuberculosis (Tb) is a fatal infectious disease that primarily affects the pulmonary system and rarely occurs in other body organs including oral cavity. The aim of this study was to report all patients with primary manifestations of oral tuberculosis and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of oral tuberculosis lesions. All these patients were subsequently diagnosed with tuberculosis based on oral histological findings and referred for management and therapy.Materials and Methods:Twelve patients with oral lesions from the year 2010 to 2018 were histologically diagnosed as having tuberculosis, who did not give any history of the disease, following surgical biopsy. Clinical symptoms, auxiliary examinations, treatments, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed.Results:Oral TB was found in all 12 patients; 8 males and 4 females, with male to female ratio 8:4. Involved oral sites included the angle of the mandible (one case), right mandibular molar region (two cases), left mandibular molar region (four cases), gingiva (three cases), buccal mucosa (one case), and the tongue (one case). Oral TB patients in this series ranged in the age group of 6–65 years. All the lesions were suggestive of primary tuberculosis. The appearance of the affected mucosa in oral TB was variable. The most common manifestation was ulceration and swelling of the mucosa.Conclusion:TB should be considered in patients with oral ulcerations and swellings. A biopsy specimen for histological study, acid-fast stains, and cultures should be obtained for confirmation and differential diagnosis along with other conditions.

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Exploring the Oral Manifestations of Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Analysis of Prevalence and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Oral Lesions

Sheereen,

Manva,

Sheereen

et al. 2024

The International Journal of Mycobacteriology

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Background: The study aimed to report all cases of oral tuberculosis (TB), a rare manifestation of the fatal infectious disease primarily affecting the pulmonary system. The report also evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of oral TB lesions. Methods: A total of 25 patients who presented with oral lesions between August 2013 and August 2023 were diagnosed with TB through surgical biopsy despite having no prior history of the disease. Their clinical symptoms, auxiliary examinations, treatments, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed for further study. Results: In a study of 25 patients with oral TB, all patients were found to have the disease, with 16 males and 9 females affected. The gender distribution was skewed toward males, with a 1.77 male-to-female ratio. Twelve cases of the affected sites were reported in the mandible, six cases in the buccal mucosa, four in the lips, two in the gingiva, and one in the tongue. The age range of affected patients was 0–70 years old, and all lesions were indicative of primary TB. The appearance of the affected mucosa varied, with ulceration and swelling being the most common manifestations. Conclusion: Patients who present with oral ulcerations and swellings should be evaluated for the possibility of TB. To confirm and differentiate this condition from other diseases, obtaining a biopsy specimen for histological analysis and performing acid-fast stains and cultures is recommended. These tests will enable a precise diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment.

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Quantification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with and without tuberculosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Effectiveness of a novel non-intrusive continuous-use air decontamination technology to reduce microbial contamination in clinical settings: A multi-centric study

Effectiveness of a novel non-intrusive continuous-use air decontamination technology to reduce microbial contamination in clinical settings: A multi-centric study

Prevalence of oral lesions in tuberculosis: A cross sectional study

Exploring the Oral Manifestations of Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Analysis of Prevalence and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Oral Lesions

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