Quantification of Polybrominated and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Human Matrices by Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Marder, M. Elizabeth; Panuwet, Parinya; Hunter, Ronald E.; Ryan, P. Barry; Marcus, Michele; Barr, Dana Boyd

doi:10.1093/jat/bkw041

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In batches between March 2013 and June 2015, serum samples were analyzed for target PBB (77, 101, 153, and 180) and PCB (118, 138, 153, 180) congeners using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS; Agilent Technologies; Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph coupled to an Agilent 7000B tandem mass spectrometer) at the Laboratory for Exposure Assessment and Method Development in Environmental Research (LEADER) at Emory University’s Rollins School of Public Health. Detailed laboratory methods have been described previously ( Marder et al 2016 ). Briefly, samples were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction followed by solid-phase extraction before instrumental analysis using GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Thyroid Function among Michigan Adults Several Decades after the 1973–1974 PBB Contamination of Livestock Feed

Jacobson

Darrow

Barr

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:In 1973–1974, Michigan residents were exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) through an accidental contamination of the food supply. Residents were enrolled in a registry assembled after the incident, and they and their children participated in follow-up studies to assess subsequent health outcomes.Objectives:We evaluated associations between serum PBBs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and markers of thyroid function among Michigan adults.Methods:Serum concentrations of four PBB and four PCB congeners were measured at least once in 753 adults, including 79 women who participated in a 2004–2006 study and 683 women and men with follow-up during 2012–2015. Participants completed questionnaires on health conditions (including physician-diagnosed thyroid disease), behaviors, and demographics. Thyroid hormones were measured in a subset without thyroid disease (n=551). In multivariable linear regression models, PBB and PCB congener concentrations, on both the volume (nanogram/milliliter) and lipid (nanogram/gram lipid) basis, were assessed in relation to thyroid hormones. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between serum PBBs and PCBs and thyroid disease.Results:Thyroid disease was common (18% overall; 25% among women). Among women, all odds ratios (ORs) for PBB-153 and thyroid disease were positive for quintiles above the reference level, but estimates were imprecise and were without a monotonic increase. For an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PBB-153 (0.43 ng/mL), the OR (any thyroid disease)=1.12; (95% CI: 0.83, 1.52) (n=105 cases); for hypothyroidism, OR=1.35 (95% CI: 0.86, 2.13) (n=49 cases). There were 21 cases of thyroid disease in men [OR=0.69 (95% CI: 0.33); 1.44 for an IQR increase (0.75 ng/mL) in serum PBB-153]. PCB congeners were statistically significantly associated with greater total and free thyroxine and total triiodothyronine among women and with total and free triiodothyronine among men in lipid-standardized models.Conclusions:We found some evidence to support associations of PBBs and PCBs with thyroid disease and thyroid hormone levels. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1302

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Thyroid Function among Michigan Adults Several Decades after the 1973–1974 PBB Contamination of Livestock Feed

Jacobson

Darrow

Barr

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The primary congener in the technical mixture that contaminated the food supply in the 1970s was PBB-153 [17][18][19]. Exposure to four congeners of PBB (PBB-153, PBB-101, PBB-77, and PBB-180) was previously assessed in members of this registry using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [20]. The limit of detection (LOD) for PBB-153 was 2 pg/mL (0.002 ppb); for PBB-77, it was 4.5 pg/ mL (0.0045 ppb); for PBB-101, it was 3.9 pg/mL (0.0039 ppb); for PBB-180, it was 5.6 pg/mL (0.0056 ppb).…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further study the effect that EDCs have on humans, we utilized the Michigan Polybrominated Biphenyl (PBB) Registry, which was recruited after an agricultural accident introduced an EDC, PBB, into the food supply in the 1970's [17,18]. An estimated 6 to 8 million people living in Michigan were exposed to PBB primarily through the consumption of contaminated animal products, and because PBB is both lipophilic and biologically stable, people exposed over 40 years ago still have detectable PBB levels in their blood [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Additionally, because PBB can pass through the placental barrier and is present in breast milk, children born to exposed women are also exposed [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) associates with genome-wide DNA methylation differences in peripheral blood

et al. 2019

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In 1973, Michigan residents were exposed to polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) when it was accidentally added to farm animal feed. Highly exposed individuals and their children have experienced endocrine-related health problems, though the underlying mechanism behind these remains unknown. We investigated whether PBB exposure is associated with variation in DNA methylation in peripheral blood samples from 658 participants of the Michigan PBB registry using the MethylationEPIC BeadChip, as well as investigated what the potential function of the affected regions are and whether these epigenetic marks are known to associate with endocrine system pathways. After multiple test correction (FDR <0.05), 1890 CpG sites associated with total PBB levels. These CpGs were not enriched in any particular biological pathway, but were enriched in enhancer and insulator regions, and depleted in regions near the transcription start site or in CpG islands (p < 0.05). They were also more likely to be in ARNT and ESR2 transcription factor binding sites (p = 3.27e-23 and p = 1.62e-6, respectively), and there was significant overlap between CpGs associated with PBB and CpGs associated with estrogen (p < 2.2e-16). PBBassociated CpGs were also enriched for CpGs known to be associated with gene expression in blood (eQTMs) (p < 0.05). These eQTMs were enriched for pathways related to immune function and endocrine-related autoimmune disease (FDR <0.05). These results indicate that exposure to PBB is associated with differences in epigenetic marks that suggest that it is acting similarly to estrogen and is associated with dysregulated immune system pathways. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…PBB-153 (2,2′4,4′5,5′ hexa-bromobiphenyl) constitutes approximately 61% of FireMaster FF-1, the commercial product that contaminated the food supply in the 1970s 43 . Exposure to four most biologically relevant congeners of PCB (118, 138, 153, and 180) and four congeners of PBB (77, 101, 153, 180) were previously analyzed in members of this registry using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 44 . The limit of detection (LOD) was 1.4 pg/mL for PCB-118, 1.2 pg/mL for PCB-138, 1.6 pg/mL for PCB-153, 0.7 pg/mL for PCB-180, 2 pg/mL for PBB-153, 4.5 pg/mL for PBB-77, 3.9 pg/mL for PBB-101, and 5.6 pg/mL for PBB-180.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Reproductive Health Outcomes in Females Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyl and Polybrominated Biphenyl

Neblett

Curtis

Gerkowicz

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In 1973, accidental contamination of Michigan livestock with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) led to the establishment of a registry of exposed individuals that have been followed for > 40 years. Besides being exposed to PBBs, this cohort has also been exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a structurally similar class of environmental pollutants, at levels similar to average US exposure. In this study, we examined the association between current serum PCB and PBB levels and various female reproductive health outcomes to build upon previous work and inconsistencies. participation in this cross-sectional study required a blood draw and completion of a detailed health questionnaire. Analysis included only female participants who had participated between 2012 and 2015 (N = 254). Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to identify associations between serum PCB and PBB levels with each gynecological and infertility outcome. Additionally, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to evaluate each pregnancy and birth outcome in order to account for multiple pregnancies per woman. We controlled for age, body mass index, and total lipid levels in all analyses. A p-value of <0.05 was used for statistical significance. Among the women who reported ever being pregnant, there was a significant negative association with higher total PCB levels associating with fewer lifetime pregnancies (β = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.21 to −0.005, p = 0.04). There were no correlations between serum PCB levels and the self-reported gynecological outcomes (pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, or uterine fibroids). No associations were identified between serum PCB levels and the prevalence of female infertility in women reporting ever having sexual intercourse with a male partner. There were no associations identified between serum PCB levels and pregnancy outcomes (singleton live births or miscarriages) or birth outcomes (preterm birth, birth weight, birth defects, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, or gestational diabetes). PBB was not associated with any outcome. Further research is needed to determine if and how PCB may reduce pregnancy number. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are synthetic chemicals that were once used as coolants in electrical equipment and as flame retardants in the manufacturing of plastics and electronics, respectively 1,2. Although the production of PCBs ceased in 1977 and PBBs in 1976, concern over their health effects remains because of their continued persistence in the environment, the pervasiveness of their exposure in

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Quantification of Polybrominated and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Human Matrices by Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Serum Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Thyroid Function among Michigan Adults Several Decades after the 1973–1974 PBB Contamination of Livestock Feed

Serum Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Thyroid Function among Michigan Adults Several Decades after the 1973–1974 PBB Contamination of Livestock Feed

Exposure to polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) associates with genome-wide DNA methylation differences in peripheral blood

Examining Reproductive Health Outcomes in Females Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyl and Polybrominated Biphenyl

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