“…The development of modern technologies, dataset expansion, improvement in doctor-patient acceptance, data privacy and ethics, and increased financial support will render retinal vessel quantification to have broader application prospects in disease research. By observing changes in the retinal blood vessels of diverse populations, researchers evaluate the effectiveness of disease treatment protocols and study pathophysiologic changes in disease to more accurately diagnose and treat disease and develop drugs ( Al-Shabrawey, 2023 ; Middel et al, 2023 ; Yucel Gencoglu et al, 2023 ). Prospects and trends of retinal vessel quantification in clinical disease are shown in Table 4 .…”