Quantifying Drosophila food intake: comparative analysis of current methodology

Deshpande, Sonali A.; Carvalho, Gil B.; Amador, Ariadna; Phillips, Angela M; Hoxha, Sany; Lizotte, Keith J; Ja, William W.

doi:10.1038/nmeth.2899

Cited by 193 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Food consumption was assessed using radioisotope labeling of the medium or the capillary feeder (CAFE) assay, as described previously (64). For radiolabeling, [α-32 P]dCTP was used with five flies per vial, unless otherwise noted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 4E-BP growth pathway regulates the effect of ambient temperature on Drosophila metabolism and lifespan

Carvalho

Drago

Hoxha

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Changes in body temperature can profoundly affect survival. The dramatic longevity-enhancing effect of cold has long been known in organisms ranging from invertebrates to mammals, yet the underlying mechanisms have only recently begun to be uncovered. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, this process is regulated by a thermosensitive membrane TRP channel and the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor, but in more complex organisms the underpinnings of cold-induced longevity remain largely mysterious. We report that, in Drosophila melanogaster, variation in ambient temperature triggers metabolic changes in protein translation, mitochondrial protein synthesis, and posttranslational regulation of the translation repressor, 4E-BP (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein). We show that 4E-BP determines Drosophila lifespan in the context of temperature changes, revealing a genetic mechanism for cold-induced longevity in this model organism. Our results suggest that the 4E-BP pathway, chiefly thought of as a nutrient sensor, may represent a master metabolic switch responding to diverse environmental factors.S tudies on the biological underpinnings of aging have uncovered numerous genetic and environmental factors regulating animal lifespan. Longevity-promoting genes include components of the insulin-like signaling pathway, the histone deacetylase Sir2, the GTPase Ras, TRP membrane channels, and transcription factors, among many others (1, 2). Environmental manipulations extending life include changes in nutrition (often referred to as caloric or dietary restriction), sexual/reproductive history, and ambient temperature (3-5).Of the factors known to impact aging, temperature is arguably the most promising. Lifespan extension by cold is evolutionarily conserved-documented in poikilotherms, such as worms and flies, and homeotherms, including mammals (4, 6-11)-and more robust than well-studied interventions such as dietary restriction (12, 13). However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood (10,14,15). In Caenorhabditis elegans, the effect of cold on survival involves the thermosensitive membrane channel TRPA-1 acting upstream of the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor (14,15). This seminal finding countered the notion that longevity is the passive result of general thermodynamic changes, and favored instead the view that genetic pathways actively control lifespan in response to ambient temperature. However, these results have to date not been extended or replicated in other model organisms. Explanatory theories for the effect of cold on longevity include a reduction in reactive oxygen species generated by mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, suppression of autoimmune response, and changes in neuroendocrine factors (6,16,17), but these views remain largely speculative given the lack of further mechanistic insight into lifespan extension by cold in model organisms.We report that, in Drosophila, changes in temperature trigger a metabolic program impacting protein translation, mitochondrial prot...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 4E-BP growth pathway regulates the effect of ambient temperature on Drosophila metabolism and lifespan

Carvalho

Drago

Hoxha

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Food labeling by dyes or radioactivity, food uptake quantification by the so-called capillary feeder assay , proboscis extension reflex assay (Shiraiwa and Carlson, 2007), and automated food intake monitoring using the flyPAD or Fly Liquid-Food Interaction Counter (Ro et al, 2014) can be used to quantify feeding. Food preference assays are used to determine important feeding parameters such as total intake, meal size, meal frequency and feeding motivation (reviewed in Branch and Shen, 2017;Deshpande et al, 2014). Collectively, these parameters determine energy intake, which is crucial for the development of obesity.…”

Section: Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophilaas a model to study obesity and metabolic disease

Musselman

Kühnlein

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

179

130

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Excess adipose fat accumulation, or obesity, is a growing problem worldwide in terms of both the rate of incidence and the severity of obesity-associated metabolic disease. Adipose tissue evolved in animals as a specialized dynamic lipid storage depot: adipose cells synthesize fat (a process called lipogenesis) when energy is plentiful and mobilize stored fat (a process called lipolysis) when energy is needed. When a disruption of lipid homeostasis favors increased fat synthesis and storage with little turnover owing to genetic predisposition, overnutrition or sedentary living, complications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are more likely to arise. The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is used as a model to better understand the mechanisms governing fat metabolism and distribution. Flies offer a wealth of paradigms with which to study the regulation and physiological effects of fat accumulation. Obese flies accumulate triacylglycerols in the fat body, an organ similar to mammalian adipose tissue, which specializes in lipid storage and catabolism. Discoveries in Drosophila have ranged from endocrine hormones that control obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis, many of which are evolutionarily conserved. Furthermore, obese flies exhibit pathophysiological complications, including hyperglycemia, reduced longevity and cardiovascular functionsimilar to those observed in obese humans. Here, we review some of the salient features of the fly that enable researchers to study the contributions of feeding, absorption, distribution and the metabolism of lipids to systemic physiology.

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“…30 Further, carbon nanotubes functionalized with a hydroxyl group were reported to not affect the eclosion rate of flies. 24 Assuming a food intake of 1.5 μL per day, 38 we speculate that the maximum amount of CNFs consumed by individual flies was 0.15 or 1.5 μg/fly/day in this study, not considering reduction of feeding rate ( Figure 3B). Although the amount of CNFs in our fly diet was higher than naturally occurring levels, it is plausible for humans to ingest such abundant amounts of nanomaterials since continuous ingestion of contaminated foods or water is the most common route of nanomaterial ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of carbon nanofiber on physiology of Drosophila

Lee

et al. 2015

IJN

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As nanomaterials are now widely utilized in a wide range of fields for both medical and industrial applications, concerns over their potential toxicity to human health and the environment have increased. To evaluate the toxicity of long-term exposure to carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in an in vivo system, we selected Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. Oral administration of CNFs at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL had adverse effects on fly physiology. Long-term administration of a high dose of CNFs (1,000 μg/mL) reduced larval viability based on the pupa:egg ratio, adult fly lifespan, reproductive activity, climbing activity, and survival rate in response to starvation stress. However, CNFs at a low concentration (100 μg/mL) did not show any significant deleterious effect on developmental rate or fecundity. Furthermore, long-term administration of a low dose of CNFs (100 μg/mL) increased lifespan and climbing ability, coincident with mild reactive oxygen species generation and stimulation of the antioxidant system. Taken together, our data suggest that a high dose of CNFs has obvious physiological toxicity, whereas low-dose chronic exposure to CNFs can actually have beneficial effects via stimulation of the antioxidant defense system.

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Quantifying Drosophila food intake: comparative analysis of current methodology

Cited by 193 publications

References 36 publications

The 4E-BP growth pathway regulates the effect of ambient temperature on Drosophila metabolism and lifespan

The 4E-BP growth pathway regulates the effect of ambient temperature on Drosophila metabolism and lifespan

Drosophilaas a model to study obesity and metabolic disease

Effects of carbon nanofiber on physiology of Drosophila

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