Quantifying growth in maricultured corals using photogrammetry

Kikuzawa, Yuichi Preslie; Toh, Tai Chong; Ng, Chin Soon Lionel; Sam, Shu Qin; Taira, Daisuke; Afiq‐Rosli, Lutfi; Chou, Loke Ming

doi:10.1111/are.13683

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The SGR (% day −1 ) was calculated as: (ln(W f ) − ln(W i ))/Δt × 100), where ln(W i ) and ln(W f ) represented the natural logarithms of the coral fragment BW (g) at the beginning and the end of the experiment, respectively, and ∆t represented the duration in days. Vernier calipers were used to measure the lengths, widths, and heights of the fragments, and TLE (sensu Kikuzawa et al 57 ) was calculated as length + width + height. TLE data were analyzed as raw data (cm) and as % increase.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feeding on the physiological performance of the stony coral Pocillopora acuta

Huang

Mayfield

Fan

2020

Sci Rep

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Reef-building corals rely on both heterotrophy and endosymbiotic dinoflagellate autotrophy to meet their metabolic needs. Those looking to culture these organisms for scientific or industrial purposes must therefore consider both feeding regimes and the light environment. Herein the effects of three photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels were assessed in fed and unfed specimens of the model coral Pocillopora acuta that were cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Half of the corals were fed Artemia sp. brine shrimp in a separate feeding tank to prevent biofouling, and fragments were exposed to PAR levels of 105, 157, or 250 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 over a 12-h period each day. All cultured corals survived the 140-day treatment, and the physiological response variables assessed-buoyant weight, specific growth rate, linear extension, color, and Fv/Fm-were significantly influenced by feeding, and, to a lesser extent, light. Specifically, fed corals grew faster and larger, and presented darker pigmentation; corals fed at the highest light levels grew at the fastest rate (6 cm year−1 or 175 mg g−1 week−1). Given the high physiological performance observed, we advocate the active feeding of brine shrimp in RAS by those looking to cultivate P. acuta, and likely other corals, over long-term timescales.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feeding on the physiological performance of the stony coral Pocillopora acuta

Huang

Mayfield

Fan

2020

Sci Rep

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“…All analyses were conducted using SPSS Statistics (Version 21, IBM). Survivorship and live tissue area of the transplants were monitored monthly for 16 months by photogrammetry, a simple and accurate method for tracking two-dimensional changes in coral growth, as previously described by Kikuzawa et al [51]. Each transplant was individually photographed from a top-down angle with a scale bar, using an Olympus TG-5 camera, and subsequently processed with the ImageJ software (NIH).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplanting Coral Fragments in Close Contact Enhances Their Survival and Growth on Seawalls

Kikuzawa

Sam

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Accelerated urbanisation has replaced many natural shorelines with coastal defences, resulting in the loss of natural habitats. However, structures such as seawalls can support some biotic assemblages, albeit of lower species richness. Ecological engineering techniques such as coral transplantation can enhance biodiversity on these artificial structures, but its success is circumscribed by high costs. Little is known about the fusion of discrete coral colonies that could potentially improve coral transplantation success on seawalls, particularly for the slow-growing massive species that are generally well-adapted to living on seawalls. Here, we investigated the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of transplanting Platygyra sinensis on seawalls by comparing the survivability and growth of fragments transplanted adjoining with those transplanted further apart. Fragments (approximately 3 cm diameter; n = 24) derived from three individuals were randomly grouped into two treatments, transplanted at 0.5 cm and 5 cm apart. Fragments in the former treatment came into contact with each other after three months. We observed that in all cases, the contact zones were characterised by a border of raised skeletal ridges without tissue necrosis, often termed nonfusion (=histoincompatible fusion). The adjoining transplants showed better survival (75 vs. 43%) and grew at a rate that was significantly higher than fragments transplanted 5 cm apart (3.7 ± 1.6 vs. 0.6 ± 1.1 cm2 month−1). Our projections demonstrated the possibility of reducing transplantation cost (USD cm−2) by 48.3% through nonfusion. These findings present nonfusion as a possible strategy to increase the overall cost-effectiveness of transplanting slow-growing massive species on seawalls.

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“…Following Kikuzawa et al (2018), photographs were taken directly above each fragment with a scale bar for calibration. The dimensions of the fragments were then quantified using an imaging software (ImageJ, 1.49 v, National Institutes of Health, U.S.A.).…”

Section: Coral Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagating the stony coral Echinopora horrida: evaluating the effects of rearing environment and transplant orientation

Sam,

Ng,

Kikuzawa

et al. 2024

Restoration Ecology

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The “coral gardening” approach has been effective in facilitating the recovery of degraded reefs but methodological variations can influence survivorship and growth of the coral material. In addition, the disproportionate use of certain corals, such as acroporids and pocilloporids, has contributed to a general lack of information on growth patterns and restoration strategies for species that are less common. To investigate how the yield of other species may be increased to support reef restoration efforts in Singapore, we assessed the effects of (1) environment (nursery, reef, and seawall) and (2) transplant orientation (horizontal and vertical) on the performance of Echinopora horrida (Dana, 1846) fragments. Fragments secured in the coral nursery grew significantly faster and survived better than those transplanted on the reef and seawall, highlighting the importance of a nursery‐rearing phase in optimizing the yield of this species. Additionally, survivorship and growth rates were not significantly different between vertically and horizontally transplanted corals, suggesting that modifying transplant orientation was less crucial toward enhancing coral yield. Our findings highlighted the need to optimize the propagation techniques of a wider range of understudied coral species in order to preserve their genetic diversity in the face of anthropogenic and climatic impacts.

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Quantifying growth in maricultured corals using photogrammetry

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of feeding on the physiological performance of the stony coral Pocillopora acuta

Effects of feeding on the physiological performance of the stony coral Pocillopora acuta

Transplanting Coral Fragments in Close Contact Enhances Their Survival and Growth on Seawalls

Propagating the stony coral Echinopora horrida: evaluating the effects of rearing environment and transplant orientation

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