Quantifying the high resolution seasonal emission of air pollutants from crop residue burning in India

Sahu, Saroj Kumar; Mangaraj, Poonam; Beig, Gufran; Samal, Anuja; Pradhan, Chinmay; Dash, Swetaleena; Tyagi, Bhishma

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117165

Cited by 78 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Rice straw (RS) is one of the most broadly planted crops around the world; however, much of it is burned in open fields after being harvested [ 14 , 15 ]. This wastes resources and causes severe air pollution due to the release of particulate matter into the atmosphere [ 16 ]. Rice straw fibers are sustainable, biodegradable, abundant, have good specific strength, and have a lower density than synthetic fibers, such as glass fibers [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Isothermal Crystallization of Titanium-Dioxide-Incorporated Rice Straw Fiber/Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposites

Yue

Wang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated rice straw fiber (RS)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) biocomposites were prepared by injection molding with different TiO2 powder loadings. The RS/PBS with 1 wt% TiO2 demonstrated the best mechanical properties, where the flexural strength and modulus increased by 30.34% and 28.39%, respectively, compared with RS/PBS. The non-isothermal crystallization of neat PBS, RS/PBS composites, and titanium-dioxide-incorporated RS/PBS composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The non-isothermal crystallization data were analyzed using several theoretical models. The Avrami and Mo kinetic models described the non-isothermal crystallization behavior of neat PBS and the composites; however, the Ozawa model was inapplicable. The crystallization temperature (Tc), half-time of crystallization (t1/2), and kinetic parameters (FT) showed that the crystallizability followed the order: TiO2-incorporated RS/PBS composites > RS/PBS > PBS. The RS/PBS with 1 wt% TiO2 showed the best crystallization properties. The Friedman model was used to evaluate the effective activation energy of the non-isothermal crystallization of PBS and its composites. Rice straw fiber and TiO2 acted as nucleating agents for PBS. The XRD results showed that the addition of rice straw fiber and TiO2 did not substantially affect the crystal parameters of the PBS matrix. Overall, this study shows that RS and TiO2 can significantly improve the crystallization and mechanical properties of PBS composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Isothermal Crystallization of Titanium-Dioxide-Incorporated Rice Straw Fiber/Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposites

Yue

Wang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…Furthermore, different factors like residue-to-crop product ratio (RC), a gravimetric measurement to know stubble generated for a specific quantity of crop yield, are used. 32,34 It was correlated to calculate total residue burned (TRB) in TPA as follows: 35…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Agricultural Residue for the Cleaner Biofuel Production and Simultaneous Air Pollution Mitigation Due to Stubble Burning: A Net Energy Balance and Total Emission Assessment

Siddiqi

Mishra

Kumari

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The burning of agricultural residue in open fields poses a serious environmental threat that adversely affects human health and the ecosystem. Overall, this study aims to quantify emissions because of stubble burning followed by pyrolysis conversion of this feedstock and finally evaluate its energy performance. An assessment about pollutant emissions because of open-field burning was made, considering the two scenarios of flaming and smoldering. The inventory includes gaseous pollutants, particulate matter, and greenhouse gases with a total average of 7 TPA emissions per hectare of cultivated land. Subsequently, pyrolysis was carried out in a fixed bed semi-continuous lab-scale setup. The heating value of 18.85, 28.13, and 3.15 MJ kg–1 was obtained for 36.02, 25.20, and 38.78 wt % yield of bio-oil, biochar, and fuel gas, respectively. Further analysis also indicates phenols, aldehyde, alcohols, and other organic fractions in bio-oil of density 1.06 g cm–3 and 34.63 cm2 s–1 kinematic viscosity. This study’s significant highlight is a detailed analysis of energy gain from the process in terms of various performance indices. The net energy balance was applied to each co-product. The biochar was evaluated as the most energy valuable pyrolysis product with 0.985 MJ input/MJ output index and 72.35% energy efficiency. The fossil-to-energy ratio was determined as 1.28, indicating a net positive energy gain for the system’s input resources. Altogether, these results establish the viability of this sustainable waste-to-energy process as an alternative to conventional fossil fuels and encourage its commercial upscaling.

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“…In 2018, India produced 585.47 MT of agricultural wastes, out of which wheat, rice and sugarcane contributed to more than 80% [16] and approximately 24% of the agricultural residue was burnt in the open fields [17]. The stubble burning releases various harmful pollutants such as fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM2.5 and below), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), volatile organic compound (VOCs), non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOCs), semi-volatile organic compound (SVOCs), and polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons (PAHs) [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Agro-Residue Wastes Through Clean Combustion for Sustainable Energy Solutions in Jaggery Production

Himanshu¹,

Kumar²,

Gupta³

et al. 2022

International Conference on Energy Harvesting, Storage, and Transfer

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India is an agriculture-based economy and most of the crops are grown due to suitable weather conditions therefore, various crop residues having significant energy potential are available in abundance. Some of the agro-residues and agro-processing wastes are consumed during the processing of refined product particularly, for generating heat while some remains unconsumed, estimated to be more than 300 million ton/yr. Jaggery is one such activity where the requirement of heat is met by the bagasse, which is a by-product of the sugarcane itself. However, traditional jaggery making is an energy-intensive process that utilizes the bagasse to produce heat in an open-hearth furnace leading to huge emissions of harmful pollutants into the environment. These emissions need to be assessed and technical interventions are required to reduce the levels of pollutants that are being released from traditional plants leading to sustainable utilization of agro-residues. In this article, an attempt has been made to estimate the thermal efficiency and annual emissions of CO and PM2.5 from different jaggery making units viz. varying in the number of pans. Further, emission reduction potentials from traditional jaggery plants have been calculated and compared to the proposed modified plant having improved combustion characteristics. The result obtained, indicates that the emissions of CO and PM2.5 from the traditional jaggery making units could be reduced up to 91.23 -95.36% and 97.10 -98.47%, respectively.

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Quantifying the high resolution seasonal emission of air pollutants from crop residue burning in India

Cited by 78 publications

References 42 publications

Non-Isothermal Crystallization of Titanium-Dioxide-Incorporated Rice Straw Fiber/Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposites

Non-Isothermal Crystallization of Titanium-Dioxide-Incorporated Rice Straw Fiber/Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposites

Utilizing Agricultural Residue for the Cleaner Biofuel Production and Simultaneous Air Pollution Mitigation Due to Stubble Burning: A Net Energy Balance and Total Emission Assessment

Utilization of Agro-Residue Wastes Through Clean Combustion for Sustainable Energy Solutions in Jaggery Production

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