Quantitative Analysis of Ethanol and Methanol in Herbal Distillates Distributed in Ilam City in Western Iran Using Gas Chromatography

Abstract

In this study, five types of popular herbal distillates including licorice, fennel, orange blossom, lavender, and cinnamon were purchased from the supply level stores in the city of Ilam by cluster sampling method and analyzed for the amount of ethanol and methanol. Materials and Methods: In the first step, the samples of herbal distillates were taken for testing. In addition, analytical grade ethanol and methanol were purchased from Merck Company and used as controls. Dates of production and expiry of each sample were separately checked and recorded. The samples of every herb distillate were kept in their original containers and used for testing. The names and brands of the manufacturing plants were mentioned as A, B, C, etc., in view of the ethical aspects of the research. The concentration of methanol and ethanol in the products of each company was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and each sample was measured five times and the mean value was reported. Results: On the basis of the obtained results, the mean concentrations of ethanol and methanol in lavender distillate were 7.153 and 17.002 ppm, respectively. The mean ethanol and methanol levels in orange blossom distillate were 164.2551 and 64.2472 ppm, respectively. The average ethanol and methanol content in cinnamon distillate were 11.9482 and 12.769 ppm, respectively. The mean ethanol and methanol contents in fennel distillate were 30.8897 and 7.5103 ppm, respectively. The mean ethanol and methanol contents in licorice distillate were 4.1524 and 38.3075 ppm, respectively. The results of this study showed that herbal distillates have ethanols and particularly methanols. Conclusion: Herbal distillates that contain methanol and ethanol can be toxic, especially to pregnant women, if taken over a long period of time.