Quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker combined with HPLC fingerprint qualitative analyses for comprehensive evaluation of Aurantii Fructus

Abstract

The present study aimed to develop a strategy involving quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint qualitative analysis for performing the quality control of Aurantii Fructus. The content of 12 components (eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, meranzin, poncirin, naringenin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and auraptene) in samples was determined using reliable relative correction factors that were obtained using naringin as an internal reference standard. The new method demonstrated good applicability, and no significant differences were observed between the external standard method and the new method as determined by calculating standard method difference. Qualitative evaluation of samples was conducted using similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and quality fluctuation analysis. Chromatographic fingerprint data were divided into three groups by similarity and hierarchical cluster analyses, and seven components may have a more significant impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus in quality fluctuation analysis. Overall, the study suggests that the qualitative and quantitative analyses of multicomponents using quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker combined with chromatographic fingerprinting can be considered good quality criteria for performing quality control and providing technical support for the further pharmacological and pharmaceutical research of Aurantii Fructus. K E Y W O R D Schromatographic fingerprints, quality control, quantitative analysis, traditional Chinese medicine Article Related Abbreviations: AF, Aurantii Fructus; DAD, diode array detection; ESM, external standard method; HCA, hierarchical cluster analysis; QAMS, quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker; RCF, relative correction factor; SA, similarity analysis; SMD, standard method difference; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine. 1382

Advanced Analytical Approaches for the Analysis of Polyphenols in Plants Matrices—A Review

“…The quality consistency of herbal medicines reflects variations in their chemical composition from batch to batch, depending on several factors, such as botanical species, chemotypes, morphological parts of the plant, geographical area, time of harvest, and storage conditions. With the continuous development of HPLC technology, chromatographic fingerprint analysis has been recognized as an innovative, rapid, and comprehensive method for the identification and qualification of herbal medicines [66]. The fingerprint profiles show variations in a given herb in an integrated manner, and can identify a particular herb, distinguishing it from closely related species [66,67].…”

“…With the continuous development of HPLC technology, chromatographic fingerprint analysis has been recognized as an innovative, rapid, and comprehensive method for the identification and qualification of herbal medicines [66]. The fingerprint profiles show variations in a given herb in an integrated manner, and can identify a particular herb, distinguishing it from closely related species [66,67]. The chromatographic fingerprint of the herbal profile can be defined as the characteristic signal of selected plant that allows unambiguous identification via the evaluation of the chemical similarities and differences in the obtained chromatograms of studied samples [66].…”

“…The fingerprint profiles show variations in a given herb in an integrated manner, and can identify a particular herb, distinguishing it from closely related species [66,67]. The chromatographic fingerprint of the herbal profile can be defined as the characteristic signal of selected plant that allows unambiguous identification via the evaluation of the chemical similarities and differences in the obtained chromatograms of studied samples [66]. Fingerprint analysis has been internationally accepted as a method for the evaluation and quality control of herbal medicines and preparations, and is currently applied in combination with other chemometric modeling methods, namely, similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least square regression [68][69][70].…”

Characterization of chemical profile and quantification of major representative components of Wendan decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula

“…BCT is enriched with flavonoids, polyphenols and organic acids, and its pharmacological action is mainly anti-oxidation [9]. The flavonoids, alkaloids and coumarins are the common constituents in AFI [10,[11][12][13] and CRP [10,14], in which the flavonoids exhibit the anti-atherosclerosis effect [15]. Furthermore, the pungent phytochemicals and diarylheptanoids are the principal components in ZRR [16,17] with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiemetic effects [18].…”

“…The reference standards (purity over 98%) were as follows: synephrine, N-methyltyramine, schaftoside, eriocitrin, rutin, liquiritin, nicotiflorin, narirutin, rhoifolin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, isoliquiritin, ononin, meranzin, liquiritigenin, neoponcirin, poncirin, naringenin, hesperetin, isoliquiritigenin, formononetin, sinensetin, 5,7,8,4′-tetramethoxyflavone, limonin, glycyrrhizic acid, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′heptamethoxyflavone, tangeretin, luteone, obacunone, 5-demethylnobiletin, and glycyrrhetinic acid were all purchased from Chengdu Chroma-Biotechnology (Sichuan, China). Allolicoisoflavone B, 2,3-dehydrokievitone, isolicoflavonol, licoflavonol, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 6-shogaol were isolated and identified in our laboratory based on HPLC-ESI-MS n , 1 H, and 13 C NMR data [16,26,27]. These authentic standards were stored at 4 • C in Jinan University in Guangzhou of China, and their purities were analyzed with a purity of more than 96% by HPLC-UVD-ELSD.…”