Quantitative analysis of unknown compositions in ternary polymer blends: A model study on NR/SBR/BR system

Lee, Youn Suk; Lee, Won‐Ki; Cho, Seonggyu; Kim, Il; Ha, Chang‐Sik

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2006.05.001

Cited by 94 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Slight shifting of glass transition temperature of both the NR and NBR toward higher temperature side relative to those of unfilled sample is observed in DSC measurement. The positive shift of T g may be associated with the decreased mobility of the rubber chains by addition of silica owing to increased rubber-filler interaction [48][49][50][51][52]. These results are in good agreements with the curing and mechanical properties of silica-filled composites.…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Dsc)supporting

confidence: 66%

Compatibilization of natural rubber/nitrile rubber blends by sol–gel nano-silica generated by in situ method

Bansod

Kapgate

Das

et al. 2016

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Controlled growth of in situ silica, into natural rubber (NR)/nitrile rubber (NBR) blend (40/60 composition by weight) following solution sol-gel method, results in a coherent blend morphology with enhanced composite properties. Similar composites, i.e., in situ silica-filled NR/ NBR blend (40/60 by weight), showed better mechanical properties than any other composition that were prepared by soaking sol-gel method in earlier study. However, silica content in the rubber blend was limited to 20 phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber) and could not be increased under experimental condition following soaking sol-gel method. In the present work, silica content is increased (up to 30 phr) beyond that limit for the same blend composition. Accordingly, mechanical properties of the NR/NBR composites are improved. Use of a silane coupling agent, viz., bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetra sulfide, in the reactive sol-gel system during in situ silica generation brings in remarkable effect in silica distribution, rubber-filler interaction and mechanical properties of the composites. TEM micrographs of the selected composites reveal that silica is mostly grown at the interfacial region, when silane is used in particular. This results in further enhancement in mechanical properties and compatibility of the blend at the same silica content as evident from stress-strain and dynamic mechanical analysis studies. The reinforcement of effect in situ silica is assessed by Guth-Gold equation and modified form of Guth equation (with shape factor f = 2.53). The results are supported by the detailed studies on rheological, morphological, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the composites. Graphical AbstractKeywords Rubber blend Á Sol-gel method Á In situ silica Á Rubber-filler interaction Á Silane treatment Á Reinforcement

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Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Dsc)supporting

confidence: 66%

Compatibilization of natural rubber/nitrile rubber blends by sol–gel nano-silica generated by in situ method

Bansod

Kapgate

Das

et al. 2016

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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“…Therefore, an adjustment factor of (1–0.235)/(1–0.15) = 0.90 was used to convert the mass of polymer measured by the vinylcyclohexene marker as SBR 1500 to the mass of SBR + BR polymer in the environmental sample. This adjustment relies on an assumption of an approximately linear increase in the amount of butadiene marker generated with a decreasing percent of SBR in a mixture of SBR/BR, which has been confirmed for SBR contents as low as 10% in mixtures of SBR and BR [40]. To calculate tread concentrations from the measured polymer concentrations, the fraction of SBR in passenger tread, NR in truck tread and SBR + BR + NR in all tread was assumed to be 44, 45, and 50 percent, respectively [41,42,43].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Deuterated Internal Standard with Pyrolysis-GC/MS Dimeric Marker Analysis to Quantify Tire Tread Particles in the Environment

Unice

Kreider

Panko

2012

IJERPH

122

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Pyrolysis(pyr)-GC/MS analysis of characteristic thermal decomposition fragments has been previously used for qualitative fingerprinting of organic sources in environmental samples. A quantitative pyr-GC/MS method based on characteristic tire polymer pyrolysis products was developed for tread particle quantification in environmental matrices including soil, sediment, and air. The feasibility of quantitative pyr-GC/MS analysis of tread was confirmed in a method evaluation study using artificial soil spiked with known amounts of cryogenically generated tread. Tread concentration determined by blinded analyses was highly correlated (r2 ≥ 0.88) with the known tread spike concentration. Two critical refinements to the initial pyrolysis protocol were identified including use of an internal standard and quantification by the dimeric markers vinylcyclohexene and dipentene, which have good specificity for rubber polymer with no other appreciable environmental sources. A novel use of deuterated internal standards of similar polymeric structure was developed to correct the variable analyte recovery caused by sample size, matrix effects, and ion source variability. The resultant quantitative pyr-GC/MS protocol is reliable and transferable between laboratories.

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“…Validation by Kjeldhal or any other instrumental method, although more precise, implies knowledge of both techniques for elaboration of the calibration curve. Lee et al [21] 2007 NR, SBR and BR content determination in a ternary mixture of these elastomers by transmission/pyrolysis FT-IR in Bunsen burner, TGA, DSC and by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry coupling by pyrolysis (Py-GC / MS). This last method was more precise, there was interference of one elastomer in the other, with the other techniques.…”

Section: Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification by FT-IR (UATR/NIRA) of NBR/SBR blends

et al. 2018

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ObstractRubber blends are important materials in automotive industry, as well as in other sectors. However, there are implications when suitable use of a polymer in an artifact is not made. In the automotive area, for example, the use of an elastomer without the fuel resistance requirement would result in component degradation, potential fuel leakage, and danger of fire. The use of polymer blends may be the solution to this problem. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) can be used for the knowledge of the polymer content of these blends. Then, FT-IR quantitative methodologies for determining acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (NBR) copolymer and butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBR) contents were developed by the transflectance accessory, NIRA, and the transmission mode, being the sample analyzed by transmission and universal attenuated total reflection (UATR) in the medium infrared (MIR). UATR and NIRA methodologies showed better accuracy. However, the MIR analysis showed a detection limit between 10-20% of NBR.

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Quantitative analysis of unknown compositions in ternary polymer blends: A model study on NR/SBR/BR system

Cited by 94 publications

References 38 publications

Compatibilization of natural rubber/nitrile rubber blends by sol–gel nano-silica generated by in situ method

Compatibilization of natural rubber/nitrile rubber blends by sol–gel nano-silica generated by in situ method

Use of a Deuterated Internal Standard with Pyrolysis-GC/MS Dimeric Marker Analysis to Quantify Tire Tread Particles in the Environment

Quantification by FT-IR (UATR/NIRA) of NBR/SBR blends

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