Quantitative and Macronutrient- Related Regulation of Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y, Galanin, and Neurotensin

Beck, Bernard

doi:10.1201/9781420048933.ch29

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…A voluntary calorie restriction as seen in the Cr group could play a subtle role in predisposition to obesity by modifying dietary preferences toward increased fat and calorie intake. This might be linked to programming of hypothalamic pathways as neuropeptides present in the arcuate or paraventricular nucleus are major determinants of food choice (Beck, 2000 ; Beck et al, 2001 ). Further experiments are necessary to confirm this hypothesis and the importance of caloric restriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingestion of Carbohydrate-Rich Supplements during Gestation Programs Insulin and Leptin Resistance but not Body Weight Gain in Adult Rat Offspring

Beck¹,

Richy²,

Archer³

et al. 2012

Front. Physio.

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Prenatal nutritional conditions can predispose to development of obesity and metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Gestation with its important modifications in hormonal status is a period of changes in normal feeding habits with pulses of consumption or avoidance of certain categories of food. We tried to mimic in an animal model some changes in food consumption patterns observed in pregnant women. For this purpose, Long–Evans female rats were fed during the dark period, their usual pre-gestational food quantity, and were allowed to complete their daily intake with either a restricted control (Cr), high-fat (HF), or high-carbohydrate (HC) diet available ad libitum during the light period. Dams fed a control diet ad libitum (Ca) served as controls. Body weight and composition, food intake, and metabolic hormones (insulin, leptin) were recorded in male offspring until 20 weeks after birth. Cr and HC females ate less than Ca females (−16%; p < 0.001) and their offspring presented a weight deficit from birth until 6 (HC group) and 10 (Cr group) weeks of age (p < 0.05 or less). Plasma leptin corresponded to low body weight in Cr offspring, but was increased in HC offspring that in addition, had increased plasma insulin, blood glucose, and subcutaneous adipose tissue mass. HF dams ate more than Ca dams (+13%; p < 0.001), but plasma leptin and insulin were similar in their offspring. Hypothalamic Ob-Rb expression was increased in Cr, HC, and HF offspring (+33–100% vs Ca; p < 0.05 or less). HC supplement ingestion during gestation therefore leads to insulin and leptin resistance in adult offspring independently of lower birth weight. These hormonal changes characterize obesity-prone animals. We therefore suggest that attention should be paid to the carbohydrate snacking and overall carbohydrate content in the diet during the last weeks (or months) preceding delivery to limit development of later metabolic disorders in offspring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%