Quantitative assessment of localization and colocalization of glutamate, aspartate, glycine, and GABA immunoreactivity in the chick retina

Sun, Haiyan; Crossland, W.J.

doi:10.1002/1097-0185(20001001)260:2<158::aid-ar60>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…Instead, our study reveals colocalization of glutamate and glycine immunoreactivity in some types of cells of the spinal cord, both in larvae and adults. In other vertebrates, colocalization of glutamate and glycine immunoreactivity has been reported in cells of the retina (human: [94]; chick: [88]) and in vestibular neurons of frog [49]. Colocalization of glutamate and glycine was also observed in vestibular afferents of frog [95], in nerve terminals in the rat locus coeruleus [50] and in axons from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in the lateral superior olive [51], [96].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Glutamatergic Neurons in the Spinal Cord of the Sea Lamprey: An In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemical Study

et al. 2012

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Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter involved in spinal cord circuits in vertebrates, but in most groups the distribution of glutamatergic spinal neurons is still unknown. Lampreys have been extensively used as a model to investigate the neuronal circuits underlying locomotion. Glutamatergic circuits have been characterized on the basis of the excitatory responses elicited in postsynaptic neurons. However, the presence of glutamatergic neurochemical markers in spinal neurons has not been investigated. In this study, we report for the first time the expression of a vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) in the spinal cord of the sea lamprey. We also study the distribution of glutamate in perikarya and fibers. The largest glutamatergic neurons found were the dorsal cells and caudal giant cells. Two additional VGLUT-positive gray matter populations, one dorsomedial consisting of small cells and another one lateral consisting of small and large cells were observed. Some cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells also expressed VGLUT. In the white matter, some edge cells and some cells associated with giant axons (Müller and Mauthner axons) and the dorsolateral funiculus expressed VGLUT. Large lateral cells and the cells associated with reticulospinal axons are in a key position to receive descending inputs involved in the control of locomotion. We also compared the distribution of glutamate immunoreactivity with that of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. Colocalization of glutamate and GABA or glycine was observed in some small spinal cells. These results confirm the glutamatergic nature of various neuronal populations, and reveal new small-celled glutamatergic populations, predicting that some glutamatergic neurons would exert complex actions on postsynaptic neurons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Glutamatergic Neurons in the Spinal Cord of the Sea Lamprey: An In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemical Study

et al. 2012

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“…A value of zero means that there are no any overlapping pixels. This coefficient is not sensitive to the limitations of typical fluorescence imaging [27], [28], [29], [30]. According to the PC, the values indicating colocalization ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 while for the M colocalization is considered in the range from 0.6 to 1.0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuolar Protein Sorting Receptor in Giardia lamblia

et al. 2012

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In Giardia, lysosome-like peripheral vacuoles (PVs) need to specifically coordinate their endosomal and lysosomal functions to be able to successfully perform endocytosis, protein degradation and protein delivery, but how cargo, ligands and molecular components generate specific routes to the PVs remains poorly understood. Recently, we found that delivering membrane Cathepsin C and the soluble acid phosphatase (AcPh) to the PVs is adaptin (AP1)-dependent. However, the receptor that links AcPh and AP1 was never described. We have studied protein-binding to AcPh by using H6-tagged AcPh, and found that a membrane protein interacted with AcPh. This protein, named GlVps (for Giardia lamblia Vacuolar protein sorting), mainly localized to the ER-nuclear envelope and in some PVs, probably functioning as the sorting receptor for AcPh. The tyrosine-binding motif found in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail domain of GlVps was essential for its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and transport to the vacuoles, with this motif being necessary for the interaction with the medium subunit of AP1. Thus, the mechanism by which soluble proteins, such as AcPh, reach the peripheral vacuoles in Giardia appears to be very similar to the mechanism of lysosomal protein-sorting in more evolved eukaryotic cells.

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“…9). Their location within the INL 45 indicates that these cells are probably Müller and/or bipolar cells. The increase in the amount of ZENK-expressing cells in the INL is in line with the observations from real-time PCR which also showed a heavy increase in retinal ZENK mRNA levels after insulin injections (Fig.…”

Section: Experiments 4: Effects Of Insulin On Zenk Mrna Expression Levmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Acts as a Powerful Stimulator of Axial Myopia in Chicks

Feldkaemper

Neacsu

Schaeffel

2009

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Quantitative assessment of localization and colocalization of glutamate, aspartate, glycine, and GABA immunoreactivity in the chick retina

Cited by 37 publications

References 79 publications

The Glutamatergic Neurons in the Spinal Cord of the Sea Lamprey: An In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemical Study

The Glutamatergic Neurons in the Spinal Cord of the Sea Lamprey: An In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemical Study

Vacuolar Protein Sorting Receptor in Giardia lamblia

Insulin Acts as a Powerful Stimulator of Axial Myopia in Chicks

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