Quantitative Carcinogenesis in Man: Solar Ultraviolet B Dose Dependence of Skin Cancer in Maryland Watermen

Strickland, Paul T.; Vitasa, Benjamin C.; West, Sheila K.; Rosenthal, Frank S.; Emmett, Edward A.; Taylor, Hugh R.

doi:10.1093/jnci/81.24.1910

Cited by 90 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…UVR exposure is the strongest environmental risk factor for developing these cancers. There is a strong relationship between SCC and occupational sun exposure [22][23][24] and continuous, lifelong sun exposure is important in development of SCC. Increased childhood sun exposure and intermittent sunlight exposure resulted in an increased risk of BCC [25][26][27].…”

Section: Eyelidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

et al. 2014

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Abstract:With decreasing levels of ozone in the atmosphere, we are being exposed to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) than ever before. UVR carries higher energy than visible light, and its effects on tissues include DNA damage, gene mutations, immunosuppression, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In the eye, UVR is strongly associated with the development of basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid, pterygium, photokeratitis, climatic droplet keratopathy, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, cataracts, and uveal melanoma, and is weakly associated with age-related macular degeneration. Despite overwhelming evidence regarding the deleterious effects on UVR, public health measures to encourage UV protection of the eyes is generally lacking. Options for photoprotection include sunglasses, wide brim hats, windshields, plastic films for side windows in cars, UV blocking contact lenses, and following the UV Index report daily. The American National Standards Institute currently has regulations regarding properties of UV blocking sunglasses; however, compliance in the US is not mandatory. On the other hand, UVR does have therapeutic applications in the eye, particularly, riboflavin activated by ultraviolet A light (UVA) radiation is used clinically to slow the progression of keratoconus, post-LASIK keratectasia, and bullous keratopathy by crosslinking corneal collagen fibers. OPEN ACCESSPhotonics 2014, 1 348 Additionally, riboflavin activated by UVA has been shown to have antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. This is clinically relevant in the treatment of infectious keratitis. Finally, exposure to low levels of light in the UV spectrum has been found to regulate the growth of the eye and lack of adequate exposure may increase the risk of development and progression of myopia.

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Section: Eyelidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

et al. 2014

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“…MM is the most related death skin cancer; incidence of melanoma is increasing worldwide (1)(2)(3)(4). Melanoma developed from melanocyte, which is pigment-producing cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of apoptosis induction associated with ERK1/2 upregulation via goniothalamin in melanoma cells

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of goniothalamin on apoptosis induction in the A375 melanoma cell line. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer with increased prevalence and no potential standard treatment. Goniothalamin is a plant, bioactive styrly-lactone, which has various bioactivities including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. Apoptosis induction by goniothalamin has been studied in numerous cancer cell lines, however not in the melanoma cell line A375. The results of the MTT assay demonstrated that goniothalamin induced anti-proliferation in a dose dependent manner. Hoechst staining assay demonstrated that goniothalamin induced chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies in A375 treated cells, and JC-1 staining revealed that goniothalamin induced mitochondrial membrane dysfunction in A375 cells. In addition, goniothalamin decreased the level of anti-apoptotic proteins myeloid cell leukemia 1, B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 and Bcl-extra large, whereas it increased the level of pro-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 Associated X, apoptosis regulator, t-BID and Bim in A375 treated cells. In addition, goniothalamin also increased active caspase-9, -7 and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expression in A375 treated cells. Furthermore, phosphorylated (p)-pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 1 (Ser241) and p-RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt; Ser473) were decreased, however c-Jun and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 were increased upon goniothalamin treatment. These results suggest that goniothalamin has an effect, as anti-proliferation and apoptosis induction in A375 cells were associated with upregulated p-ERK1/2, c-Jun and downregulated p-PDK1 (Ser241), p-Akt (Ser473) in A375 cells. Therefore, goniothalamin may be a potential candidate for anti-cancer drug development for melanoma treatment.

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“…An early study of watermen from the eastern shore of Maryland found that average annual exposure to ambient UVB radiation was strongly correlated with the prevalence of SCC, whereas BCC did not have such a correlation (8), especially in watermen younger than 60 years of age (9). Because of the association between defects in DNA repair genes (10) and the poor DNA repair phenotype (11) that causes a high incidence of BCC and SCC in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients (12), this watermen study provided much enthusiasm for further studying the DNA repair capacity (DRC) as a marker for genetic susceptibility to NMSC in the general population.…”

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confidence: 99%

Repair Capacity for UV Light–Induced DNA Damage Associated with Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer and Tumor Progression

Wang¹,

Li²,

Strom³

et al. 2007

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: To examine the role of suboptimal DNA repair capacity (DRC) for UV light^induced DNA damage in the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and tumor progression. Experimental Design: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study of 255 patients with newly diagnosed NMSC [146 with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 109 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] and 333 cancer-free controls. We collected information on demographic variables and risk factors from questionnaires, tumor characteristics from medical records, and lymphocytic DRC phenotype by the host-cell reactivation assay. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Overall, there was a relative 16% reduction in DRC in NMSC patients compared with controls (P < 0.001 for BCC and for SCC, respectively). DRC below the controls' median value was associated with increased risk significantly for BCC (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.07-2.45) but borderline for SCC (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.95-2.79) after adjustment for age, sex, and other assayrelated covariates.When the highest tertile of controls' DRC was used as the reference, the intermediate and low DRC were associated with a statistically significant trend for increasing risk for both BCC (P trend = 0.007) and SCC (P trend = 0.020). However, patients with aggressive or multiple SCC tended to have a higher DRC than those with nonaggressive or single SCC. Conclusions: Reduced DRC is an independent risk factor for BCC and single or nonaggressive SCC but not for multiple primaries, local aggressiveness, or recurrence of NMSC.Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), consisting mainly of basal and squamous cell carcinomas (BCC and SCC, respectively), is the most common form of human malignancies, with estimated more than 1 million new cases (accounting for more than 40% of all cancers) annually in the United States (1). Although the role of UV light in the etiology of NMSC is well known, only a fraction of individuals who have been exposed to increasing levels of solar UV radiation (2 -4) will develop NMSC, suggesting a genetic susceptibility to UV light -induced carcinogenesis in the general population.Epidemiologic studies have consistently found that sunlight exposure is directly associated with risk of NMSC in humans (3, 5 -7). An early study of watermen from the eastern shore of Maryland found that average annual exposure to ambient UVB radiation was strongly correlated with the prevalence of SCC, whereas BCC did not have such a correlation (8), especially in watermen younger than 60 years of age (9). Because of the association between defects in DNA repair genes (10) and the poor DNA repair phenotype (11) that causes a high incidence of BCC and SCC in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients (12), this watermen study provided much enthusiasm for further studying the DNA repair capacity (DRC) as a marker for genetic susceptibility to NMSC in the general population.In an early Maryland study, it was shown that those who had a suboptimal DRC h...

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Quantitative Carcinogenesis in Man: Solar Ultraviolet B Dose Dependence of Skin Cancer in Maryland Watermen

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

Mechanism of apoptosis induction associated with ERK1/2 upregulation via goniothalamin in melanoma cells

Repair Capacity for UV Light–Induced DNA Damage Associated with Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer and Tumor Progression

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