Quantitative detection and phylogeny-based identification of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive patients

Hashimoto, Osamu; Yoshida, Takashi; Ishiko, Hiroaki; Ido, Miyuki; Deguchi, Takashi

doi:10.1007/s10156-005-0418-7

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…and M. hominis were detected in 6 and 1 per cent of HIV-1 infected adults, respectively. In contrast, Hashimoto et al 18 found high rates of isolation of U. urealyticum (70%) in HIV-positive men which was attributed to the presence of homosexual behaviour and urethritis. The presence of U. urealyticum in HIV-1-infected women was evaluated by Linhares et al 19 who showed an increased frequency compared to HIV-negative patients and a significant correlation with cervical inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Genital mycoplasma & Chlamydia trachomatis infections in treatment naïve HIV-1 infected adults

Ghosh¹,

Dhawan²,

Chaudhry³

et al. 2011

Indian J Med Res

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Background & objectives:Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) enhance the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Thus, screening for STIs is a routine component of primary HIV care. There are limited data for selective screening guidelines for genital mycoplasmas and Chlamydia trachomatis in HIV-infected adults. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of genital infections with Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium and C. trachomatis in treatment naïve asymptomatic HIV-1 - infected adults and study their association with CD4+ T-cell count.Methods:First-void urine samples were collected from 100 treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected adults and 50 healthy volunteers. C. trachomatis and M. genitalium were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis were detected by both culture and PCR. Circulating CD4+ cell counts of HIV-1-infected patients were determined from peripheral blood by flow-cytometry.Results:C. trachomatis was detected in 7 per cent of HIV-1-infected adults compared to none in control population. Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis showed infection rates of 6 and 1 per cent in the HIV group and 2 and 0 per cent in the control group, respectively. None of the individuals from the patient and control groups was tested positive for M. genitalium. A significant association was found between CD4 cell count and detection of C. trachomatis in HIV-infected adults (P = 0.01).Interpretation & conclusions:Screening of HIV-infected individuals for C. trachomatis infection could be recommended as a routine component of HIV care. The role of mycoplasmas as co-pathogens of the genitourinary tract in HIV-1 infected patients seems to be unlikely. Further longitudinal studies need to be done to confirm these findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Genital mycoplasma & Chlamydia trachomatis infections in treatment naïve HIV-1 infected adults

Ghosh¹,

Dhawan²,

Chaudhry³

et al. 2011

Indian J Med Res

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“…This rate was similar to that found among HIV-1-infected subjects from the AIDS Clinical Center (ACC), Tokyo, Japan, which used similar methods. 16 There is a strong linking of M. genitalium with non-gonococcal and non-chlamydial urethritis. Finally, the realtime PCR revealed a useful and fast tool for M. genitalium detection in a large number of urine samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium among HIV-infected men in São Paulo city detected by realtime polymerase chain reaction

et al. 2010

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Genital mycoplasmas are natural inhabitants of the male urethra and are potentially pathogenic species playing an aetiological role in both genital infections and male infertility. This study aims to determine the presence of Mycoplasma genitalium DNA in urine samples of HIV-1-infected men in São Paulo city. Realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the primers My-ins and Mgso-2 and the Taqman probe Mgen-P1 as described previously. A total of 223 HIV-1-infected men were tested with a mean age of 44 years. Thirteen (5.8%) presented M. genitalium in urine and the co-infection was more common among homosexual men (76.9% versus 51.9%, P < 0.26). In conclusion, realtime PCR was a useful and rapid method for detecting M. genitalium DNA in urine samples. Further studies should be conducted to assess the clinical significance of these results on HIV transmission and its impact on HIV viral load.

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“…It is reasonable to suggest that mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas may increase the development of AIDS in HIV-1-infected patients, but this has not been proved yet [26].…”

Section: Immunologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Ureaplasmas

Juhász

Ostorházi

Pónyai

et al. 2011

Reviews in Medical Microbiology

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The two existing human pathogen Ureaplasma species containing 14 serovars are associated with a variety of maladies. Colonizing the human urogenital tract, ureaplasmas cause infections mainly in these organs. However, in the special population of immunosuppressed patients or preterm and very low birth weight newborns such serious Ureaplasma infections such as meningitis or pericarditis have been described. Because they lack a cell wall, ureaplasmas are very susceptible to drying and other adverse environmental conditions; therefore, careful attention has to be given to specimen collection and transportation. Commercially available culture based tests made the laboratory diagnosis of Ureaplasma species much easier. PCR methods provide further facilities to get faster diagnosis, simultaneously with serovar identification, quantitation of Ureaplasma or detection of other sexually transmitted infectious pathogens. Although fluoroquinolone, macrolide, and tetracycline resistant strains are known, antibiotic treatment of Ureaplasma infections is not problematic for now. The mechanism of antibiotic resistance has not been entirely understood till now. Biofilmforming ability of Ureaplasmas can be important in chronic infections and antibiotic resistance. The basic microbiology of Ureaplasma species, such as clinical manifestations, the diagnostic opportunities, and the therapeutic options are reviewed in the current article.

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Quantitative detection and phylogeny-based identification of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive patients

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Genital mycoplasma & Chlamydia trachomatis infections in treatment naïve HIV-1 infected adults

Genital mycoplasma & Chlamydia trachomatis infections in treatment naïve HIV-1 infected adults

Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium among HIV-infected men in São Paulo city detected by realtime polymerase chain reaction

Ureaplasmas

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