Quantitative detection of caffeine in human skin by confocal Raman spectroscopy – A systematic in vitro validation study

Franzen, Lutz; Anderski, Juliane; Windbergs, Maike

doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.026

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…by RCM for quantitative analysis of caffeine in skin was reported as an interesting non-invasive strategy for drug quantification directly in the skin by using a non-invasive technique (Franzen, Anderski, Windbergs, 2015).…”

Section: Raman Confocal Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The images are also limited to determined points of the skin at determined times, and the images do not represent the dynamic process of skin permeation for prolonged times (Darlenski et al, 2009;Franzen et al, 2013;Franzen, Anderski, Windbergs, 2015).…”

Section: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CLSM is also used to diagnose common benign skin lesions and to characterize malignant lesions. Applications of CLSM include the characterization of keratinization and pigmentation disorders (Caspers et al, 2001;Ashtikar et al, 2013;Franzen, Anderski, Windbergs, 2015).…”

Section: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and transdermal formulations

Ruela

Perissinato

Lino

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

216

135

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The skin barrier function has been attributed to the stratum corneum and represents a major challenge in clinical practice pertaining to cutaneous administration of drugs. Despite this, a large number of bioactive compounds have been successfully administered via cutaneous administration because of advances in the design of topical and transdermal formulations. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of these novel drug delivery systems are necessary to characterize their quality and efficacy. This review covers the most well-known methods for assessing the cutaneous absorption of drugs as an auxiliary tool for pharmaceutical formulation scientists in the design of drug delivery systems. In vitro methods as skin permeation assays using Franz-type diffusion cells, cutaneous retention and tape-stripping methods to study the cutaneous penetration of drugs, and in vivo evaluations as pre-clinical pharmacokinetic studies in animal models are discussed. Alternative approaches to cutaneous microdialysis are also covered. Recent advances in research on skin absorption of drugs and the effect of skin absorption enhancers, as investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy, Raman confocal microscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, are reviewed. Uniterms:Skin absorption/effects/study. Skin absorption/topical formulations. Skin absorption/ transdermal formulations. Skin absorptions/enhancers. INTRODUCTIONTopical and transdermal drug delivery systems have shown significant advantages in clinical practice for drug targeting to the action site in the body; this has reduced the systemic side effects. The administration of drugs by through the skin is also performed to achieve controlled or prolonged drug delivery, and this route can be explored as an alternative to the oral route. The oral route shows some limitations for drugs with irregular absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and low bioavailability and for drugs with increased first pass metabolism and short plasma halflife times (Barry, 2001;Wokovich et al., 2006;Prausnitz, Langer, 2009;Alexander et al., 2012).Many drug products applied to the skin surface may penetrate to some extent into the skin layers, where their effects are expected. This is the case for topical formulations for treatment of skin disorders such as acne and cutaneous inflammatory diseases that include dermatitis, erythematous lupus, and psoriasis. On the other hand, transdermal formulations release drugs that permeate through the skin and enter the systemic circulation. Transdermal therapy must ensure that significant concentrations of the drug are absorbed to reach effective plasma concentrations. Permeation of drugs is targeted in some cases to body regions close to the action site, where a regional effect is expected, e.g., in the muscles, blood vessels, and articulations. In this way, the term "cutaneous absorption" is properly used to characterize the sum of the amounts of drug that penetrate and permeate the skin (Barry, 2001;El Maghraby, Barry;Willi...

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Section: Raman Confocal Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and transdermal formulations

Ruela

Perissinato

Lino

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

216

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) is increasingly used to determine penetration profiles of xenobiotics in the skin due to the fact that it is a non-destructive method and only minimal sample preparation is needed [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Furthermore, it can also be performed in a non-invasive manner and therefore enables in vivo measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing use of CRM to establish skin penetration profiles has led to an increasing variety of microscope configurations and sample preparation methods used therein (table 1) [3,4,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Confocal Is Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy on the Skin? Impact of Microscope Configuration and Sample Preparation on Penetration Depth Profiles

Lunter¹

2016

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background/Aims: The aim of the study was to elucidate the effect of sample preparation and microscope configuration on the results of confocal Raman microspectroscopic evaluation of the penetration of a pharmaceutical active into the skin (depth profiling). Methods: Pig ear skin and a hydrophilic formulation containing procaine HCl were used as a model system. The formulation was either left on the skin during the measurement, or was wiped off or washed off prior to the analysis. The microscope configuration was varied with respect to objectives and pinholes used. Results: Sample preparation and microscope configuration had a tremendous effect on the results of depth profiling. Regarding sample preparation, the best results could be observed when the formulation was washed off the skin prior to the analysis. Concerning microscope configuration, the use of a 40 × 0.6 numerical aperture (NA) objective in combination with a 25-µm pinhole or a 100 × 1.25 NA objective in combination with a 50-µm pinhole was found to be advantageous. Conclusion: Complete removal of the sample from the skin before the analysis was found to be crucial. A thorough analysis of the suitability of the chosen microscope configuration should be performed before acquiring concentration depth profiles.

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Raman spectroscopy of human skin for kidney failure detection

Bratchenko

Khristoforova

et al. 2020

Journal of Biophotonics

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The object of this paper is in vivo study of skin spectral‐characteristics in patients with kidney failure by conventional Raman spectroscopy in near infrared region. The experimental dataset was subjected to discriminant analysis with the projection on latent structures (PLS‐DA). Application of Raman spectroscopy to investigate the forearm skin in 85 adult patients with kidney failure (90 spectra) and 40 healthy adult volunteers (80 spectra) has yielded the accuracy of 0.96, sensitivity of 0.94 and specificity of 0.99 in terms of identifying the target subjects with kidney failure. The autofluorescence analysis in the near infrared region identified the patients with kidney failure among healthy volunteers of the same age group with specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of 0.91, 0.84, and 0.88, respectively. When classifying subjects by the presence of kidney failure using the PLS‐DA method, the most informative Raman spectral bands are 1315 to 1330, 1450 to 1460, 1700 to 1800 cm−1. In general, the performed study demonstrates that for in vivo skin analysis, the conventional Raman spectroscopy can provide the basis for cost‐effective and accurate detection of kidney failure and associated metabolic changes in the skin.

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Quantitative detection of caffeine in human skin by confocal Raman spectroscopy – A systematic in vitro validation study

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and transdermal formulations

Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and transdermal formulations

How Confocal Is Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy on the Skin? Impact of Microscope Configuration and Sample Preparation on Penetration Depth Profiles

Raman spectroscopy of human skin for kidney failure detection

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