Quantitative expression profiling of immune response genes in rainbow trout following infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) infection or DNA vaccination

cDNA sequence and expression analysis of an antimicrobial peptide, theromacin, in the triangle-shell pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

“…Student's t-test was performed using Microsoft Excel 2003 with P b 0.05 as the significance level. Fold change was calculated as (Ts/Tn)/ (Cs/Cn) where Ts equals the treated sample assayed for the specific gene and Tn equals the treated sample assayed for the normalizer gene (β-actin), and Cs and Cn equal the calibrator group with the specific and normalizing gene, respectively (Purcell et al, 2004). All statistical analyses were based on comparisons between the control and experiment groups.…”

IgM, IgD and IgY and their expression pattern in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis

“…All statistical analyses were based on comparisons between the control and induction groups after Ig normalization according to the ␤-actin gene. Fold change was calculated as (Ts/Tn)/(Cs/Cn) where Ts equals the treated sample assayed for the specific gene and Tn equals the treated sample assayed for the normalized gene (␤-actin), and Cs and Cn equal the calibrator group (PBS injected group) with the specific and normalizing gene, respectively as used by Purcell et al (2004).…”

Suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) and macroarray techniques reveal differential gene expression profiles in brain of sea bream infected with nodavirus

“…The generation of vaccines might be helped by the understanding of the effect of the infection on the host gene expression. The study of the differentially expressed genes after a viral infection has been done using several approaches such as subtractive hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, analysis of expressed sequence tags (EST) and gene arrays (microarray) (Nam et al, 2000;Alonso and Leong, 2002;Ju et al, 2002;O'Farrell et al, 2002;Munir et al, 2004;Purcell et al, 2004;He et al, 2005;Ji et al, 2005). In this study, we have investigated the genes expressed in response to nodavirus infection in the brain of sea bream, the target organ of the virus, in order to identify genes involved in fish defense.…”