Quantitative Performance Comparison of Various Traffic Shapers in Time-Sensitive Networking

Zhao, Luxi; Pop, Paul; Steinhorst, Sebastian

doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3180160

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In our work we have considered the TAS and CQF shapers in isolation. However, as [33] shows, there are advantages to use combinations of shapers. For example, it is very interesting to combine TAS and CQF in the same switch, such that TAS handles streams with low latency requirements and CQF handles streams that do not have very tight constraints.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, none of the works so far present quantitative evaluations for CQF. The only work [33] that has a systematic quantitative evaluation of shapers, both in isolation and in combination, does not address CQF shapers.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As expected, TAS always obtains the smallest latencies. TAS has been evaluated in the literature and compared to other shapers [33], and the conclusion is that it provides the lowest latency, jitter and bandwidth usage. This can be seen in the figure, where the red bars (CP-TAS) are smaller than the purple and blue bars.…”

Section: A Comparison Of Sa and Cpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Configuration and Evaluation of Multi-CQF Shapers in IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)

2022

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Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a task group of the IEEE 802.1 standardization working group (WG) developing the IEEE 802.1 TSN communication standards. TSN is developing a "toolbox" of many standards to provide support for enabling the separation of critical and non-critical traffic, the timeliness and dependability, i.e., reliability, fault-tolerance, and security, of critical traffic. In this paper we focus on the Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding (CQF) traffic shapers, such as the original CQF, the Cycle Specified Queuing and Forwarding (CSQF) and an extension of those, the so-called Multi-CQF shaper. We define formally the problem of configuring CQF-based networks. We have developed a Constraint Programming (CP) formulation for Multi-CQF, as well as a Simulated Annealing (SA)-based metaheuristic solution. These solutions can also obtain results for CQF and CSQF, which can be seen as a special case of Multi-CQF. The CQF configuration problem is NP-hard. We evaluate our solutions on several test cases and scenarios. The CP formulation can find optimal solutions for small problem sizes but does not scale for realistic test cases. However, SA is able to handle large test cases and to find good quality solutions, making it suitable for both design-time and runtime network configuration. We also present comprehensive evaluation results comparing the CQF-based variants (CQF, CSQF, Multi-CQF) on industrial use cases, contrast them to the Time Aware Shaper (TAS, 802.1Qbv), and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Configuration and Evaluation of Multi-CQF Shapers in IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)

2022

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“…The concept is based on Urgency Based Scheduler and the implementation of a token based algorithm to assign transmission windows. According to some recent research works, ATS can be very useful in combination with CBS when handling egress queues [57].…”

Section: • Fr0 Generic Network Processing Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future Roadmap of In-Vehicle Network Processing: A HW-Centric (R-)evolution

2022

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The automotive industry is undergoing a deep revolution. With the race towards autonomous driving, the amount of technologies, sensors and actuators that need to be integrated in the vehicle increases exponentially. This imposes new great challenges in the vehicle electric/electronic (E/E) architecture and, especially, in the In-Vehicle Network (IVN). In this work, we analyze the evolution of IVNs, and focus on the main network processing platform integrated in them: the Gateway (GW). We derive the requirements of Network Processing Platforms that need to be fulfilled by future GW controllers focusing on two perspectives: functional requirements and structural requirements. Functional requirements refer to the functionalities that need to be delivered by these network processing platforms. Structural requirements refer to design aspects which ensure the feasibility, usability and future evolution of the design. By focusing on the Network Processing architecture, we review the available options in the state of the art, both in industry and academia. We evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each architecture in terms of the coverage provided for the functional and structural requirements. In our analysis, we detect a gap in this area: there is currently no architecture fulfilling all the requirements of future automotive GW controllers. In light of the available network processing architectures and the current technology landscape, we identify Hardware (HW) accelerators and custom processor design as a key differentiation factor which boosts the devices performance. From our perspective, this points to a need -and a research opportunity -to explore network processing architectures with a strong HW focus, unleashing the potential of next-generation network processors and supporting the demanding requirements of future autonomous and connected vehicles.

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“…There the authors provide service curve descriptions for traffic classes in TSN credit-based shaping that allow deriving deterministic upper end-to-end latency bounds. Further applications of the framework include the analysis of different TSN scheduling mechanisms [21] and a comparative analysis of TSN traffic shapers in [22].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%