Quantitative Proteomics and Relative Enzymatic Activities Reveal Different Mechanisms in Two Peanut Cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) Under Waterlogging Conditions

Abstract

Peanut is an important oil and economic crop in China. The rainy season (April–June) in the downstream Yangtze River in China always leads to waterlogging, which seriously affects plant growth and development. Therefore, understanding the metabolic mechanisms under waterlogging stress is important for future waterlogging tolerance breeding in peanut. In this study, waterlogging treatment was carried out in two different peanut cultivars [Zhonghua 4 (ZH4) and Xianghua08 (XH08)] with different waterlogging tolerance. The data-independent acquisition (DIA) technique was used to quantitatively identify the differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) between two different cultivars. Meanwhile, the functions of DAPs were predicted, and the interactions between the hub DAPs were analyzed. As a result, a total of 6,441 DAPs were identified in ZH4 and its control, of which 49 and 88 DAPs were upregulated and downregulated under waterlogging stress, respectively, while in XH08, a total of 6,285 DAPs were identified, including 123 upregulated and 114 downregulated proteins, respectively. The hub DAPs unique to the waterlogging-tolerant cultivar XH08 were related to malate metabolism and synthesis, and the utilization of the glyoxylic acid cycle, such as L-lactate dehydrogenase, NAD+-dependent malic enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. In agreement with the DIA results, the alcohol dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities in XH08 were more active than ZH4 under waterlogging stress, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in XH08 was prolonged, suggesting that XH08 could better tolerate waterlogging stress by using various carbon sources to obtain energy, such as enhancing the activity of anaerobic respiration enzymes, catalyzing malate metabolism and the glyoxylic acid cycle, and thus alleviating the accumulation of toxic substances. This study provides insight into the mechanisms in response to waterlogging stress in peanuts and lays a foundation for future molecular breeding targeting in the improvement of peanut waterlogging tolerance, especially in rainy area, and will enhance the sustainable development in the entire peanut industry.

Proteomic Studies of Roots in Hypoxia-Sensitive and -Tolerant Tomato Accessions Reveal Candidate Proteins Associated with Stress Priming

“…Another enzyme-apart from GAPDH mentioned above-involved in metabolic adjustment and important for glycolysis is enolase (or phosphopyruvate hydratase). The increase in enolase was reported for flooded tomatoes [14], soybeans [39], and peanuts [31]. These reports and the present study suggest that this glycolytic enzyme might help in intensification of glycolysis for generating energy under hypoxia stress.…”

“…A greater abundance of ADH protein was noted previously in tomato roots after a one-time waterlogging [14]. For two peanut cultivars, a two-fold higher enzymatic activity for ADH was detected in the roots of the sensitive cultivar than for the tolerant cultivar [31]. After the second hypoxia exposure, adh2 expression in the WL-S accession was similar as for WL-T, which could suggest the adjustment of the sensitive accession and a similar response to that of the tolerant one.…”

“…Some unique proteins for WL-S are glutamine synthetase (nitrogen metabolism) [29], fructokinase-like (plastid protein), and heat shock protein 70 (biotic and abiotic stress response) [30]. Greater abundances at a similar level of fructose-biphosphate aldolase were described for tolerant and sensitive cultivars of the peanut [31]. The greater abundance of glutamine synthetase enhanced physiological tolerance under salinity, drought, and oxidative stress conditions in rice [29].…”

“…Waterlogging stress influences plant energy metabolism, especially regarding pathways involving ADH or GAPDH [1,31,66]. An accumulation ion of both of these proteins was observed in WL-T as well as WL-S tomatoes after hypoxia exposure.…”

Comparative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Provides New Insights Into the Mechanism of Protein Synthesis in Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Leaves

“…The PPI analysis showed that the interaction between proteins was obvious, and there was a complex network between interacting proteins. The interactions between proteins constitute a major part of the cellular biochemical reaction network, which is of great significance in regulating cells and their signals ( Liu et al, 2021 ). In addition, correlation analysis demonstrated that there existed a weak correlation between the proteome and transcriptome, suggesting that there existed low correlation between transcription level and protein abundance.…”