Quantitative risk assessment and the burden of fragrance contact allergy

White, Ian R.

doi:10.1111/bjd.15399

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…To solve this clinical problem, we tried many risk prediction models and found a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) system based on nomogram was the most appropriate model for prediction of tumor recurrence time. QRA has been widely used in risk prediction in many fields due to its simplicity and reliability [36, 37]. When constructing the predictive model, several known prognostic correlation factors such as age, KPS, MGMT promoter status, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and the recurrence score were included, and finally obtained a predictive model based on three predictors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species metabolism-based prediction model and drug for patients with recurrent glioblastoma

Tan

Liu

et al. 2019

Aging

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Background: Tumor recurrence is the main cause of poor prognosis of GBM. Finding the characteristics of recurrent GBM that provide early warning of tumor recurrence can provide guidance for the clinical treatment of recurrent GBM.Results: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthetic processes was significantly elevated in recurrent GBM. The recurrent risk score based on the ROS biosynthetic process was closely related to tumor purity and tumor immune functions. The quantitative risk assessment system could be used to predict the recurrence time of GBM. Gallic acid, a compound with high anti-oxidation activity and low cytotoxicity, was screened as a potential chemotherapy sensitizer for recurrent GBM.Conclusion: The quantitative risk assessment system based on ROS biosynthetic process could be used for early warning of GBM recurrence. Combination of low-dose gallic acid and temozolomide could improve therapeutic outcomes in recurrent GBM.Methods: A total of 663 primary and recurrent GBM samples with clinical and microarray data were included in this study. GSVA, LASSO-COX, and Kaplan-Meier survive curve were performed to construct and verify a quantitative risk assessment system for GBM recurrence prediction. An antioxidant capacity test and cell viability test were used to discover potential drugs for recurrent GBM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species metabolism-based prediction model and drug for patients with recurrent glioblastoma

Tan

Liu

et al. 2019

Aging

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Ubiquity, Hazardous Effects, and Risk Assessment of Fragrances in Consumer Products

Pastor‐Nieto

Gatica‐Ortega

2021

Curr Treat Options Allergy

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Purpose of review The main aims of fragrances are to create pleasing scents or to mask unpleasant odors. We hereby review their main exposure sources, presumed benefits, and unwanted effects, with special attention to allergic contact dermatitis (prevalence, regulatory environment, risk assessment methodology, and preventive measures). Recent findings Fragrances elicit positive emotions and presumably have therapeutic benefits related to stress reduction and memory enhancement. However, they also cause detrimental health or environmental effects including contact dermatitis (irritant and/or allergic), non-eczematous contact reactions, photosensitivity, photo-allergy, and immediate contact reactions, which can negatively impact the quality of life. Fragrances are the most frequent chemicals causing contact dermatitis. Their main sources are cosmetics, household products, industrial substances, food flavorings, oral hygiene products, and topical medications. It is difficult for sensitized patients to avoid contact with fragrances, due to their ubiquity and because manufacturers are not willing to volunteer information regarding fragrance ingredients. Summary The treatment of contact dermatitis relies on allergens avoidance which does not "cure" the disease (sensitization persists for life) but prevents disabling illness. The patient should understand that avoiding perfume means to avoid all scented goods and not just perfumes. Labeling fragrances is key in primary prevention (by giving the healthy individual the chance to make an informed choice to avoid risky substances), diagnosis (by helping the practitioner to plan and interpret patch tests), secondary prevention, and prognosis (by allowing the sensitized patient to follow the avoidance instructions). However, only 26 fragrances are mandatory to be declared in cosmetics. The vague labeling of other fragrance ingredients as "perfume" or "fragrance" hampers the diagnostic and preventive approaches. Therefore, in our opinion, declaration should be mandatory for all fragrance ingredients as well as straightforward so most consumers can understand it. Moreover, legislation should be improved to prevent inappropriately high exposures by forbidding stronger allergens, restricting maximum concentrations in the finished product or fields of application, delivering information regarding the risks to the general public, and controlling the compliance of manufacturers with the regulations. Besides, manufacturers should share information regarding the composition in the final products and provide physicians with samples of all fragrance chemicals whenever needed for patch test investigations. Presumed benefits of fragrances Sources of indoor malodor include smoke, grease, body, kitchen (food, fumes, garbage, sink), bathroom, pets, mold, and mildew (Table 1). The semi-volatile odor molecules are adsorbed onto porous surfaces of soft furnishings [9••]. Outdoor malodor is linked to pollution, neighbors, and commercial activities. Malodor results in psychological (depression, f...

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Quantitative risk assessment and the burden of fragrance contact allergy

Abstract: Linked Article: Bennike et al. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1035–1041.

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Reactive oxygen species metabolism-based prediction model and drug for patients with recurrent glioblastoma

Reactive oxygen species metabolism-based prediction model and drug for patients with recurrent glioblastoma

Ubiquity, Hazardous Effects, and Risk Assessment of Fragrances in Consumer Products

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