Quantitative study of free amino acids in human eccrine sweat during normal conditions and exercise

Liappis, N; Hungerland, H

doi:10.1093/ajcn/25.7.661

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Numerous studies exist in the literature describing the concentration of free amino acids in human eccrine sweat (Coltman et al, 1966;Gitlitz et al, 1974), although the reported levels vary significantly. Significant differences have been found in sweat collected in response to thermal stimulation as opposed to sweat collected under exercise conditions (Liappis and Hungerland, 1972). The amino acid concentrations of sweat collected during exercise being two to eighteen times higher than those observed during thermal stimulation.…”

Section: Nmr Spectroscopy Of Healthy Human Sweat Samplesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Study of metabolite composition of eccrine sweat from healthy male and female human subjects by 1H NMR spectroscopy

et al. 2006

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The aim of the study was to evaluate metabolite variability in human eccrine sweat using a metabonomics based approach. Eccrine sweat is a dilute electrolyte solution whose primary function is to control body temperature via evaporative cooling. Although the composition of sweat is primarily water, previous studies have shown that a diverse array of organic and inorganic compounds are also present. Human eccrine sweat samples from 30 female and 30 male subjects were analysed using highresolution 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in conjunction with statistical pattern recognition. High-resolution 1 H NMR spectroscopy produced spectra of the sweat samples that readily identified and quantified many different metabolites. The major metabolite classes found to be present were lactate, amino acids and lipids, with lactate being by far the most dominant metabolite found in all samples. Principal Components Analysis, Principal Components-Discriminant Analysis and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis of the eccrine sweat samples, revealed no significant differences in metabolite composition and concentration between female and male subjects. Also, the variation between subjects did not appear to be correlated with any other clinical information provided by the subjects. Overall, the spectra data set demonstrates the large physiological variability in terms of number of metabolites present and concentrations between subjects i.e. human eccrine sweat samples exhibit a high degree of inter-individual variability.

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Section: Nmr Spectroscopy Of Healthy Human Sweat Samplesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Study of metabolite composition of eccrine sweat from healthy male and female human subjects by 1H NMR spectroscopy

et al. 2006

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“…It may be that the amino acids were not fully depleted in the first sample. Amino acids may be picked up on the fingertips from the forehead during grooming [29,30]. Qualitatively, the 'natural' and 'groomed' samples were comparable, with the exceptions of the relative amounts of alanine and glycine, which appear to be more abundant in the former (Figure 5b).…”

Section: Amino Acid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Variation in amino acid and lipid composition of latent fingerprints

Croxton

Baron

Butler

et al. 2010

Forensic Science International

200

210

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The enhancement of latent fingerprints, both at the crime scene and in the laboratory using an array of chemical, physical and optical techniques, permits their use for identification. Despite the plethora of techniques available, there are occasions when latent fingerprints are not successfully enhanced. An understanding of latent fingerprint chemistry and behaviour will aid the improvement of current techniques and the development of novel ones. In this study the amino acid and fatty acid content of 'real' latent fingerprints collected on a non-porous surface was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Squalene was also quantified in addition. Hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid and cis-9-octadecenoic acid were the most abundant fatty acids in all samples. There was, however, wide variation in the relative amounts of each fatty acid in each sample. It was clearly demonstrated that touching sebum-rich areas of the face immediately prior to fingerprint deposition resulted in a significant increase in the amount of fatty acids and squalene deposited in the resulting 'groomed' fingerprints. Serine was the most abundant amino acid identified followed by glycine, alanine and aspartic acid. The significant quantitative differences between the 'natural' and 'groomed' fingerprint samples seen for fatty acids were not observed in the case of the amino acids. This study demonstrates the variation in latent fingerprint composition between individuals and the impact of the sampling protocol on the quantitative analysis of fingerprints.

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“…However, the amino acid profiles of human sweat and plasma have been shown to differ significantly. Serine, histidine, alanine and ornithine are generally found in high levels relative to plasma whilst relatively low levels of sweat glutamine have been reported [1, 3, 11]. Mark and Harding [12] analyzed the free amino acid content of sweat collected from the surface of the axillae of healthy adults at rest and concluded that the amino acid content of the stratum corneum directly affected the amino acid composition of eccrine sweat with the hydrolysis of the protein fillagrin being a significant determinant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweat Facilitated Amino Acid Losses in Male Athletes during Exercise at 32-34°C

et al. 2016

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Sweat contains amino acids and electrolytes derived from plasma and athletes can lose 1-2L of sweat per hour during exercise. Sweat may also contain contributions of amino acids as well as urea, sodium and potassium from the natural moisturizing factors (NMF) produced in the stratum corneum. In preliminary experiments, one participant was tested on three separate occasions to compare sweat composition with surface water washings from the same area of skin to assess contributions from NMF. Two participants performed a 40 minute self-paced cycle session with sweat collected from cleansed skin at regular intervals to assess the contributions to the sweat load from NMF over the period of exercise. The main study investigated sweat amino acid composition collected from nineteen male athletes following standardised endurance exercise regimes at 32–34°C and 20–30% RH. Plasma was also collected from ten of the athletes to compare sweat and plasma composition of amino acids. The amino acid profiles of the skin washings were similar to the sweat, suggesting that the NMF could contribute certain amino acids into sweat. Since the sweat collected from athletes contained some amino acid contributions from the skin, this fluid was subsequently referred to as “faux” sweat. Samples taken over 40 minutes of exercise showed that these contributions diminished over time and were minimal at 35 minutes. In the main study, the faux sweat samples collected from the athletes with minimal NMF contributions, were characterised by relatively high levels of serine, histidine, ornithine, glycine and alanine compared with the corresponding levels measured in the plasma. Aspartic acid was detected in faux sweat but not in the plasma. Glutamine and proline were lower in the faux sweat than plasma in all the athletes. Three phenotypic groups of athletes were defined based on faux sweat volumes and composition profiles of amino acids with varying relative abundances of histidine, serine, glycine and ornithine. It was concluded that for some individuals, faux sweat resulting from exercise at 32–34°C and 20–30% RH posed a potentially significant source of amino acid loss.

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Quantitative study of free amino acids in human eccrine sweat during normal conditions and exercise

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Study of metabolite composition of eccrine sweat from healthy male and female human subjects by 1H NMR spectroscopy

Study of metabolite composition of eccrine sweat from healthy male and female human subjects by 1H NMR spectroscopy

Variation in amino acid and lipid composition of latent fingerprints

Sweat Facilitated Amino Acid Losses in Male Athletes during Exercise at 32-34°C

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