Quantum-electrodynamic calculation of hyperfine-state populations in atomic sodium

Superelastic Electron Scattering within a Magnetic Angle Changer: Determination of the Angular Momentum Transferred during Electron Excitation over All Scattering Angles

“…where κ is an optical pumping term which depends on the laser coupling of the ground and excited sub-states [7]. In the case of calcium, κ = 1 .…”

“…In this case, time correlation techniques are not required, and data is accumulated by counting the rate of super-elastically scattered electrons as a function of the laser polarization. It is necessary to carefully consider the absorption, stimulated and spontaneous emission effects of the laser radiation on the excited atoms to ensure that the Natural frame parameters are correctly defined, however these effects can be modelled accurately and can be determined from the fluorescence emitted during laser excitation [7]. The angular momentum parameter L ⊥ is derived from the ratio of super-elastically scattered electrons produced by changing the handedness of circularly polarized laser radiation, whereas γ and P lin are derived from linearly polarized radiation.…”

Theoretical modeling of resonant laser excitation of atoms in a magnetic field

“…The integrals in equation (9) are evaluated in the usual way for interaction times large compared to the characteristic time associated with detuning, and can be approximated to delta functions [8,11]. The complete operator equation is thus given by summing Terms 1 and 2:…”

“…In the following description of the QED theory, we follow the work of Farrell, MacGillivray and Standage (1988) [9], who derived the equations of motion for super-elastic scattering studies from sodium. The Hamiltonian used in this previous work is modified here to include the effects of the magnetic field which is treated as a perturbation.…”

Fluorescence polarization imaging of Sisyphus cooling in an atomic beam

“…We employ the formalism of Refs. [25,26] to accurately describe single-mode radiation excitation of the multiple state transitions required for 85 Rb (see Appendix A). In the rotating wave approximation, the generalized optical Bloch equations (GOBEs) require a 36 × 36 density matrix for 85 Rb in an elliptically polarized field, reducing to 666 simultaneous equations using the hermiticity of the density matrix and neglecting coherences between the lower ground states.…”