Quantum-enhanced Logic-based Blockchain I: Quantum Honest-success Byzantine Agreement and Qulogicoin

Abstract

We proposed a framework of quantum-enhanced logic-based blockchain, which improves the efficiency and power of quantum-secured blockchain. The efficiency is improved by using a new quantum honest-success Byzantine agreement protocol to replace the classical Byzantine agreement protocol, while the power is improved by incorporating quantum protection and quantum certificate into the syntax of transactions. Our quantum-secured logic-based blockchain can already be implemented by the current technology. The cryptocurrency created and transferred in our blockchain is called qulogicoin. Incorporating quantum protection and quantum certificates into blockchain makes it possible to use blockchain to overcome the limitations of some quantum cryptographic protocols. As an illustration, we show that a significant shortcoming of cheat-sensitive quantum bit commitment protocols can be overcome with the help of our blockchain and qulogicoin.

Quantum Blockchain based on Dimensional Lifting Generalized Gram-Schmidt Procedure

“…When Alice sends Bob the infocoins, she broadcasts the encoded message to the entire network. A protocol for encryption is given in [22]. Because it is possible that not everyone on the network may hear this broadcast, we will assume that only a subset of the network heard it.…”

“…The consensus protocols employed in blockchain technology may be categorized into two basic types, as described in Ref. [22]. The first is proof-based consensus algorithms, which we typically see in permissionless blockchains such as proof-of-work (PoW) employed in Bitcoin.…”

“…[23] and Ref. [24], further it is argued that we only need half of them to be honest utilizing Byzantine agreement [22]. Unlike a proof-based system, this does not necessitate a significant investment of time and energy to create a block.…”

Semi-device-independent quantum money

“…Later Ikeda [19] presented another approach called qBitcoin based on quantum teleportation and a quantum chain, instead of the classical blocks. Also a cryptocurrency called qulogicoin, based on another version of the quantum blockchain, was also proposed by Sun et al [20]. Recently Adrian Kent proposed a concept of "S-money" [21] and Daniel Kane created a new money scheme based on modular forms [22].…”

“…A number (in fact, more than 20) of various quantum money schemes has been recently proposed [1,5,6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. We then ask if the Oresme-Copernicus-Gresham (OCG) Law of economy (known also as the Gresham's Law [24][25][26][27][28][29]) will be also applicable to the quantum schemes of money.…”