Quantum Model of Gravity Unifies Relativistic Effects, Describes Inflation/Expansion Transition, Matches CMB Data

Geiger, Jody A.

doi:10.4236/jhepgc.2018.44038

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The expression is usually taken at its macroscopic limit of Q L n Lr = 1/2 such that the value of Q L is so small as to be physically insignificant. For additional expressions describing spatial curvature and the MQ approach to measurement distortion presently described by SR and GR, the reader may refer to "Measurement Quantization Unifies Relativistic Effects …" [10].…”

Section: Spacetime Curvaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement Quantization Describes History of Universe—Quantum Inflation, Transition to Expansion, CMB Power Spectrum

Geiger¹

2020

JHEPGC

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Developing a comprehensive model of the early universe that describes events and conditions prior to recombination has proved difficult. Using a new approach, we express Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in terms of measures and counts of those measures to resolve an expression consisting entirely of counts. The description allows us to resolve explicit values for discrete measures. With these values, we present new expressions describing the earliest epoch and the transition event that initiates expansion. We determine the quantity, age, density, and temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Moreover, we approach the CMB power spectrum anew, describing each mass/energy distribution, its physical significance, its peak temperature, and the effects of relativity. We do not engage in fitting or modification of the existing laws of physics. The approach is classical and correlates both quantum and cosmological phenomena with descriptive expressions that are measurable, verifiable, and falsifiable.

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Section: Spacetime Curvaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10], Eqs. 24, 102), that is, a self-defining definition of the three measures that has no external ref-erence to the universe.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Measurement Quantization Describes History of Universe—Quantum Inflation, Transition to Expansion, CMB Power Spectrum

Geiger¹

2020

JHEPGC

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“…The details of the speed parameter depend on the masses being compared. In the case of orbital velocity, the parameter is found on the right-side of this expression ( [5], Equation (68))…”

Section: Galactic Rotation and The Milky Waymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The universe beings as a quantum bubble unable to expand at the speed of light because there exists no means to resolve a point outside of the bubble until the universe reaches a radius of 3 f l .This trigger ends quantum inflation precisely at 363,309 years, releases the accreted mass/energy (which occurs at the noted rate of 3 2 si θ units of m f per unit of t f ) as CMB and initiates expansion as we see it today. There is no faster-than-light inflationary period and the results match our best observational data precisely.The calculations and details were published in the Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology([2], Section 3.15) with additional explanation of the effects of measurement distortion following ([5], Section 3.6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement Quantization Describes Galactic Rotational Velocities, Obviates Dark Matter Conjecture

Geiger¹

2019

JHEPGC

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A physical description of the orbital mechanics of stars around a galactic core has proved difficult. Notably, there is insufficient mass to account for observed star velocities. The mystery is one of few in modern science that defy the known laws of physics. It has been conjectured that there is a new form of matter that interacts gravitationally while otherwise remaining undetectable. In this paper we resolve the mystery. The expressions do not modify the known laws of physics, contain no free variables or fitting and are entirely classical in nature. Using the notion of counts of the fundamental measures-length, mass and time-it is shown that measure is bounded. Accounting for this bound and the expansion of space reveal that the conjecture is unnecessary thus resolving the dark matter mystery.Units differ slightly from that resolved with measurement quantization, the latter units referred to as fundamental units and distinguished with a subscript f. By first describing gravity using the Pythagorean Theorem an approach to bounded measure may be applied. Resolving the upper bound to mass counts with respect to counts of the remaining two measures allows us to describe galactic orbital dynamics. Each relation is tightly constrained, a function of constants. When applied to the Milky Way, the minimum mass density, the crossover point between Newtonian and non-Newtonian behavior and the associated mass and velocity curves are resolved. The expansion of space is also integrated.Most importantly, a classical description is presented that does not require the presence of dark matter.After applying the approach to existing Milky Way data, the expressions are then modeled with an even mass distribution to demonstrate what an average of thousands of galaxies would look like. As expected, orbital velocities flat-line.The magnitude of that velocity is correlated to the excess mass above the mass frequency bound (i.e. the upper count bound of mass with respect to time).The presentation addresses the ΛCDM [1] dark matter distribution presently considered the leading candidate with respect to this phenomenon. Expressions for each distribution are presented, but ΛCDM is not used to resolve the distribution values. Instead measurement quantization [2] is used; an approach which differs from the Standard Model only in that it recognizes the physical significance of smallest units of measure. The advantage of this approach is that a base expression with no free variables may be resolved. The approach allows an inspection that resolves a concise understanding of distribution traits and differences.Also addressed are existing proposals. For one, MOND models have provided a good correlation with observed star velocities. Alternatives such as that used by McCulloch modify inertial mass by assuming it is caused by Unruh radiation [3]. Each of these approaches incorporates some element of data dependence, but it is their dependence on less established mass distribution and expansion expressions (i.e. ΛCDM) that present conflicts. The ...

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Measurement quantization

Geiger¹

2023

Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys.

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We present principles of Measurement Quantization (MQ) and approaches to measurement that support the discreteness of measure. Several claims are addressed. Notably, that measure is discrete with respect to the internal frame, non-discrete with respect to the system frame and that length is contracted due to the discreteness of measure. We address the relation of angular measure to momentum, the physical significance of count bounds and that the fundamental measures — more precise expressions for Planck’s units — are an emergent property of the internal frame. Quantum experiments by Shwartz, et. al and CODATA provide physical support. We predict and derive values for elementary charge and the gravitational, Hubble, reduced Planck, electric, magnetic, Coulomb, and fine structure constants. We then correlate gravity with electromagnetism (unification). We present expressions for galactic rotation, dark matter, dark energy, and accelerating expansion. MQ advances over Loop Quantum Gravity with two frames, the difference which leads to the physical constants and the laws of nature. We correlate the quantum and cosmological, describing an inflation free quantum epoch, why it ceases and expansion. Therein are solutions to the horizon problem and homogenous, isotropic properties of the universe. Predictions include length contraction unrelated to special or general relativity (SR/GR), 13-digit measures of the gravitational constant, the Planck momentum, and universal mass accretion. A calculation of CMB age, quantity, present-day density and temperature provides additional support. Also offered, discrete solutions to the size and age of the universe, ground state orbital, SR, GR, and equivalence.

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Quantum Model of Gravity Unifies Relativistic Effects, Describes Inflation/Expansion Transition, Matches CMB Data

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Measurement Quantization Describes History of Universe—Quantum Inflation, Transition to Expansion, CMB Power Spectrum

Measurement Quantization Describes History of Universe—Quantum Inflation, Transition to Expansion, CMB Power Spectrum

Measurement Quantization Describes Galactic Rotational Velocities, Obviates Dark Matter Conjecture

Measurement quantization

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