Quantum-secure authentication of a physical unclonable key

Goorden, S.A.; Horstmann, Marcel; Mosk, Allard; Škorić, Boris; Pinkse, Pepijn W. H.

doi:10.1364/optica.1.000421

Cited by 178 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Equation (9) is consistent with the behavior N 0 /n ≈ |c imp · c| 2 |(LM c) 0 | 2 observed in Ref. [10].…”

Section: Spatial Light Modulation For Response Verificationsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…a classical key or an entangled quantum state). Quantum Readout of PUFs was first experimentally realized by Goorden et al [10]. An optical PUF was used, consisting of a layer of zinc oxide nanoparticles on a substrate.…”

Section: Quantum Readout Of Pufsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10] against classical attacks. We consider the strongest class of classical attacks, 'challenge estimation' attacks, in which the adversary performs a measurement on the challenge state and then constructs a response state based on his measurement outcome and public information about the PUF.…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SECURITY OF QUANTUM-READOUT PUFs AGAINST QUADRATURE-BASED CHALLENGE-ESTIMATION ATTACKS

Škorić

Mosk

Pinkse

2013

Int. J. Quantum Inform.

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The concept of quantum-secure readout of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) has recently been realized experimentally in an optical PUF system. We analyze the security of this system under the strongest type of classical attack: the challenge estimation attack. The adversary performs a measurement on the challenge quantum state in order to learn as much about it as he can. Using this knowledge he then tries to reconstruct the challenge and to emulate the PUF. We consider quadrature measurements, which are the most informative practical measurements known to us. We prove that even under this attack the expected number of photons detected in the verification mechanism is approximately a factor S + 1 too low; here S is the Quantum Security Parameter, defined as the number of modes in the optical system divided by the number of photons in the challenge. The photon count allows for a reliable distinction between an authentic PUF and a challenge estimation attack.

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“…Equation (9) is consistent with the behavior N 0 /n ≈ |c imp · c| 2 |(LM c) 0 | 2 observed in Ref. [10].…”

Section: Spatial Light Modulation For Response Verificationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Quantum Readout Of Pufsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

SECURITY OF QUANTUM-READOUT PUFs AGAINST QUADRATURE-BASED CHALLENGE-ESTIMATION ATTACKS

Škorić

Mosk

Pinkse

2013

Int. J. Quantum Inform.

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“…2(b) depicts 3D OPC A. The 3D OPCs generate a highly nonlinear scattering of light due to being an inhomogeneous material [27][28][29][30]. In addition, the light transmitted through the 3D OPCs cannot be easily described with conventional wave propagation models [31].…”

Section: D Optical Phase Code Design and Feature Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security authentication with a three-dimensional optical phase code using random forest classifier

2016

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An object with a unique three-dimensional (3D) optical phase mask attached is analyzed for security and authentication. These 3D optical phase masks are more difficult to duplicate or to have a mathematical formulation compared with 2D masks, and thus have improved security capabilities. A quick response code was modulated using a random 3D optical phase mask generating a 3D optical phase code (OPC). Due to the scattering of light through the 3D OPC, a unique speckle pattern based on the materials and structure in the 3D optical phase mask is generated and recorded on a CCD device. Feature extraction is performed by calculating the mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, and entropy for each recorded speckle pattern. The random forest classifier is used for authentication. Optical experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the authentication scheme.

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“…These wave-shaping methods remarkably enhance the intensity in a single speckle as well as the total reflected and transmitted intensity. The wave-shaping methods have led the way for exciting applications such as non-invasive biomedical imaging [21][22][23], advanced optics [24][25][26][27][28][29], and cryptography and secure communication [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the energy density of shaped waves in scattering media onto a complete set of diffusion modes

Ojambati¹,

Mosk²,

Vellekoop³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We show that the spatial distribution of the energy density of optimally shaped waves inside a scattering medium can be described by considering only a few of the lowest eigenfunctions of the diffusion equation. Taking into account only the fundamental eigenfunction, the total internal energy inside the sample is underestimated by only 2%. The spatial distribution of the shaped energy density is very similar to the fundamental eigenfunction, up to a cosine distance of about 0.01. We obtained the energy density inside a quasi-1D disordered waveguide by numerical calculation of the joined scattering matrix. Computing the transmission-averaged energy density over all transmission channels yields the ensemble averaged energy density of shaped waves. From the averaged energy density obtained, we reconstruct its spatial distribution using the eigenfunctions of the diffusion equation. The results from our study have exciting applications in controlled biomedical imaging, efficient light harvesting in solar cells, enhanced energy conversion in solid-state lighting, and low threshold random lasers.

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Quantum-secure authentication of a physical unclonable key

Cited by 178 publications

References 19 publications

SECURITY OF QUANTUM-READOUT PUFs AGAINST QUADRATURE-BASED CHALLENGE-ESTIMATION ATTACKS

SECURITY OF QUANTUM-READOUT PUFs AGAINST QUADRATURE-BASED CHALLENGE-ESTIMATION ATTACKS

Security authentication with a three-dimensional optical phase code using random forest classifier

Mapping the energy density of shaped waves in scattering media onto a complete set of diffusion modes

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