Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol with Mutual Authentication Based on Single Photons and Bell States

Fourier’s Quantum Information Processing

“…This protocol, as well as many others like those from quantum key distribution (QKD), with entangled [28,29] or polarized photons [30,31], and a relatively new family of protocols for quantum data security called quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] are of main importance in a critical branch of quantum communications [24][25][26] called quantum cryptography [43,44]. Success of the latter has an obvious impact on a new version of the internet, named quantum internet [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

“…In other words, QFT is the common building block on which the entire quantum information processing building rests, including of course quantum computing and quantum communications, which Fig. 35 Sketch about the projection of quantum Fourier transform on quantum internet through this study, where: QKD means quantum key distribution [28][29][30][31], QSS is quantum secret sharing [27], and QSDC is quantum secure direct communications [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] inevitably projects onto quantum internet. A clear example of this is shown in Fig.…”

Satellite quantum repeaters for a quantum Internet

“…• quantum secure direct communication protocol (QSDC) [66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76] created in 2000 by Prof. Gui-Lu Long from Department of Physics of Tsinghua University. This protocol eliminates the four loopholes mentioned above respect the key management, therefore, it constitutes the epitome of quantum cryptography, being the best quantum technique for secure communications currently in use.…”

“…The protocol requires also preprocessing the information before being encoded in the quantum state of photons in order to prevent an eavesdropper from deciphering parts of the message. The key to decrypt the message is sent with the same quantum encryption protocol only if no eavesdropper is detected, and quantum secure direct communication protocol (QSDC) 66‐76 created in 2000 by Prof. Gui‐Lu Long from Department of Physics of Tsinghua University. This protocol eliminates the four loopholes mentioned above respect the key management, therefore, it constitutes the epitome of quantum cryptography, being the best quantum technique for secure communications currently in use.…”

Quantum Key Secure Communication Protocol via Enhanced Superdense Coding

“…Instead, quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocols [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] , Fig. 3(b), uses a classical channel for authentication to verify a correct mutual authentication between Alice and Bob, and a quantum channel with two branches (forward and backward) to complete the transmission of the message.…”