Quantum secure direct communication with optimal quantum superdense coding by using general four-qubit states

Liu, Zhihao; Chen, Hanwu; Liu, Wenjie; Xu, Juan; Wang, Dong; Liu, Zhiqiang

doi:10.1007/s11128-012-0404-9

Cited by 34 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Up to the present relatively many schemes for quantum secure communication have been worked out (Hassanpour, 2015;Joy, 2017;Liu, 2013;Long, 2007;Yan, 2004;Zhang, 2017), taking into account the fact that the field of quantum communication is really juvenile.…”

Section: Quantum Primitivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, QSC is divided into two classes of protocols, as shown in Fig.2: quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) (Liu, 2013;Long, 2007;Zhang, 2017) for which (*) holds, and deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) (Hassanpour, 2015;Joy, 2017;Yan, 2004) for which (**) holds. In other words, in the former the message to be kept in secret is directly translated over a quantum communication channel, that is, a transmission without resorting to encryption and auxiliary classical channels, whereas in the latter the secret message translation resorts to using at least 1-bit auxiliary classical channel.…”

Section: Quantum Primitivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will enable us to make inference about which kind of QSC is more appropriate To begin with, it is the representative of each kind of QSC that we wish to specify before comparing the two distinct models. For QSDC a superdense coding scheme (Liu, 2013;Wang, 2005) in its simplest form (when two qubits are used) is chosen. It is a consecutive transfer of quantum systems, as between two transfers an eavesdropping check takes place.…”

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Quantum secure communication models comparison

Bebrov

Димова

2017

AJTUV

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IntroductionCommunication, in its general sense, is a sharing of information between two or more parties by any means regardless of the distance. There are two main aspects that ensure the proper communication process. They are information security that involves CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) (Nieles, 2017) and reliability. In the following, we shall consider ourselves only with the security, in particular, the confidentiality. A solution to the confidentiality problem in communication systems is the encryption of the sharing data during its transfer, i.e., making use of cryptographic primitives in the communications.In the world of classical cryptography, one can distinguish two main classes of cryptographic primitives: symmetric and asymmetric (Stallings, 2017). Aside from their assets though, these types of primitives have substantial drawbacks, which could lead to compromising the confidentiality of communication systems. The problem of symmetric cryptography is related to not having reliable key distribution, whereas the problem of the common asymmetric cryptography is not the key distribution, but not being quantum-resistant, that is, it can be easily broken by algorithms run on quantum computers. However, there exist classical crypto methods not having such drawbacks, i.e., being assumed to be completely secure (Cheng, 2017). Although secure nowadays, the latter, for their being computational-complexity-based, could in some future instant of time be broken by discovering appropriate algorithms.Luckily, alongside the quantum computing, the field of quantum cryptography has blossomed as well. The latter could be even resistant to possible quantum attacks, that is to say, it is the only known technique at this time that provides an unconditional privacy in data transfer. As opposed to its classical counterpart, the quantum cryptography secureness is due to its utter reliance on the physical laws governing the microscopic world of fundamental particles (e.g. photons). In order to break the cryptography of this kind, one has to get over the laws of Nature, an action unlikely to be done.This kind of cryptography consists in using fundamental particles as data carriers. The information is encoded into the properties of the particles, which manifest quantum character whose fuzziness and strangeness provide uncracking masquerade of the data. In addition to that, the quantum cryptography has the advantage over its classical counterpart in that it is able to not only conceal the information transmitted over an insecure channel but also to reveal the presence of an unauthorized person, an eavesdropper, in a communication link. That is why, for the two reasons just mentioned, the quantum cryptographic primitives are regarded as probably the most powerful tool against any kind of attacks known to date.In general, there exist two main types of quantum primitives -quantum secure communication (QSC) and quantum key distribution (QKD), which are considered in Section 2. Particular attention will

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Section: Quantum Primitivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantum Primitivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum secure communication models comparison

Bebrov

Димова

2017

AJTUV

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“…This means the information cannot be leaked out whether the eavesdropper would be discovered or not in QDC. In general, QDC can be divided into two categories: quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC). [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] The difference between QSDC and DSQC is that there are some classical bits communicated to assist the receiver to decrypt the secret in DSQC, while in QSDC there is not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptanalysis and improvement of quantum broadcast communication and authentication protocol with a quantum one-time pad

Liu

Chen

2016

Chinese Phys. B

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The security of quantum broadcast communication (QBC) and authentication protocol based on Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and quantum one-time pad is analyzed. It is shown that there are some security issues in this protocol. Firstly, an external eavesdropper can take the intercept-measure-resend attack strategy to eavesdrop on 0.369 bit of every bit of the identity string of each receiver without being detected. Meanwhile, 0.524 bit of every bit of the secret message can be eavesdropped on without being detected. Secondly, an inner receiver can take the intercept-measure-resend attack strategy to eavesdrop on half of the identity string of the other's definitely without being checked. In addition, an alternative attack called the CNOT-operation attack is discussed. As for the multi-party QBC protocol, the attack efficiency increases with the increase of the number of users. Finally, the QBC protocol is improved to a secure one.

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