Quantum secure direct communication with cluster states

Cao, Weifeng; Yang, Yuchen; Wen, Qiaoyan

doi:10.1007/s11433-010-3210-3

Cited by 65 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Compared with the existing research working [32,33] based on the four-particle cluster state, the goal of utilizing the four-particle cluster state is different. The four-particle cluster state is not only used as the decoy photon, but also used to transmit secret message in [32,33].…”

Section: Conclusion and Further Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved eavesdropping detection strategy based on four-particle cluster state in quantum direct communication protocol

Jin

Jing

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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In order to improve the eavesdropping detection efficiency in a two-step quantum direct communication protocol, an improved eavesdropping detection strategy using the four-particle cluster state is proposed, in which the four-particle cluster state is used to detect eavesdroppers. During the security analysis, the method of the entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively using the constraint between the information that the eavesdropper can obtain and the interference that has been introduced. If the eavesdroppers intend to obtain all information, the eavesdropping detection rate of the original two-step quantum direct communication protocol using EPR pair block as detection particles will be 50%; while the proposed strategy's detection rate will be 75%. In the end, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results show that the eavesdropping detection strategy presented is more secure. The goal of researching cryptography is to ensure that the secret message is only available to the two authorized parties of the communication and that the transmission will be altered. So far, it is trusted that the only proven secure cryptosystem is the one-time-pad scheme in which the secret key is as long as the message. The two parties staying far apart who want to transmit their secret message must distribute the secret key first. However it is difficult to distribute the secret key securely through a classical channel. The quantum key distribution (QKD), whose task is to create a secret key between two remote authorized users, is one of the most remarkable applications of quantum mechanics and the only proven protocol for secure key distribution. Since Bennett and Brassard presented the pioneer QKD protocol (BB84 protocol) [1] in 1984, a lot of quantum information security processing methods have been advanced, such as quantum teleportation [2][3][4][5][6][7], quantum dense coding [8][9][10], quantum secret sharing [11,12] and so on.In recent years, a novel concept, quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) [13,14] was put forward and studied by some groups. Different from the key distribution whose object is to establish a common random key between two parties, the secure direct communication is to transmit important message directly without establishing a random key to encrypt them first. Thus, the secure direct communication is more demanding on the security. As a secure direct communication, it must satisfy two requirements. First, the secure message should be read out directly by the legitimate user Bob when he receives the quantum states and no additional classical information is needed after the transmission of particles. Second, the secret message which has been encoded already in the quantum states should not leak even though an eavesdropper may get hold of the channel. That is to say, the eavesdropper cannot only be detected but also obtains blind results. As classical message can be copied fully, it is impossible to transmit secret message direct...

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Section: Conclusion and Further Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The four-particle cluster state is not only used as the decoy photon, but also used to transmit secret message in [32,33]. And the fourparticle cluster states are divided into two groups.…”

Section: Conclusion and Further Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved eavesdropping detection strategy based on four-particle cluster state in quantum direct communication protocol

Jin

Jing

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…Now multi-photons entangled states are proposed for quantum communication realization, such as the GHZ state, cluster states [44], highly entangled six-qubit genuine state [16], χ-state [13], and so on. Recently, entangled photons with multiphoton have been implemented in experiment, for example the two photons entanglement [52], the four photons entanglement [53], the six photons entanglement [54].…”

Section: Information Carriers and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Cao et al proposed a QSDC with cluster states [44], which uses two steps to implement the transmitting of information.…”

Section: Quantum Secure Direct Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent development in quantum communication

Song

Wang

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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In this review article, we will review the recent process of quantum communications. In the past decades, there are many developments in quantum communication, for instance, quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation, quantum secure direct communication, deterministic secure quantum communication, quantum secret sharing and so on. And we focus our attention on the recent developments in quantum communication protocols. The principles in quantum mechanics provide novel ways for quantum information transmission and processing, such as quantum computation and quantum communication. In the past decades, quantum information processing has emerged as a promising technology with strategic importance. Because of the peculiar properties of quantum systems, quantum computers possess enormous power that is superior to classical computer. Using quantum computer, factorization of an integer can be accomplished in polynomial time with the Shor algorithm [1]. And we can find a marked item with high probability from an unsorted database with a square-root speedup with the Grover algorithm [2]. In the past decades, the field of quantum information processing and quantum computation have attracted much attention [3][4][5][6]. With these quantum algorithms and a quantum computer, many classical cryptography protocols can be attacked. Thus it is vital to find new cryptographic systems for defending against these attacks.In the following years, there are many branches of quantum communications that are generated which provides us secure ways of communications, such as quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation, quantum secure direct communication, quantum secret sharing and so on. QKD provides a secure way to distribute secret keys between distant *Corresponding author (email: wangchuan@bupt.edu.cn) users which solves the problem for secure distributing of keys in the classical one-time-pad protocol [7]. However, quantum communication offers more power than QKD. Quantum secret sharing (QSS) distributes secret keys to two or more shared users [8], which can be viewed as the quantum key distribution between multi-users. Quantum teleportation is a basic ingredient in quantum information architectures [9,10]. The principle of quantum teleportation is to transfer an unknown state to the legal user at a distant distance. Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) offers direct communication of secret messages between distant users, which saves completely the need for another classical communication as in the QKD case. In recent years, there have been considerable developments from researchers in the design of quantum communication protocols. In this article, we will focus on these developments in quantum communications. A brief history and key techniques of quantum communicationQKD provides an unconditional secure way of information exchange between two distant users. The first QKD protocol is proposed by Bennett and Brassard [7], called the BB84 protocol. In 1992, Bennett proposed a simplified version of

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Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol Based on Four-Qubit Cluster State

et al. 2013

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Quantum secure direct communication with cluster states

Cited by 65 publications

References 34 publications

Improved eavesdropping detection strategy based on four-particle cluster state in quantum direct communication protocol

Improved eavesdropping detection strategy based on four-particle cluster state in quantum direct communication protocol

Recent development in quantum communication

Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol Based on Four-Qubit Cluster State

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