Quantum $φ$-synchronization in coupled optomechanical system with periodic modulation

Abstract

Based on the concepts of quantum synchronization and quantum phase synchronization proposed by A. Mari et al. in Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 103605 (2013), we introduce and characterize the measure of a more generalized quantum synchronization called quantum ϕ-synchronization under which the pairs of variables have the same amplitude and possess same ϕ phase shift. Naturally, quantum synchronization and quantum antisynchronization become special cases of quantum ϕ-synchronization. Their relations and differences are also discussed. To illustrate these theories, we investigate the ϕ-synchronization and quantum phase synchronization phenomena of two coupled optomechanical systems with periodic modulation and show that quantum ϕ-synchronization is more general as a measure of synchronization. We also show the phenomenon of quantum anti-synchronization when ϕ = π.