Quaternary liquid-liquid equilibrium, solubility and critical states: Acetic acid – n-butanol – n-butyl acetate – water at 318.15 K and atmospheric pressure

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium, Solubility, and Critical States in an Acetic Acid–n-Butyl Alcohol–n-Butyl Acetate–Water System at 328.15 K and 101.3 kPa: Topology of Phase Diagrams and NRTL Modeling

“…Each of the secants had a certain ratio of the concentrations of the two components (alcohol and ester): 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 (Figure ). This approach was applied in our previous studies. ,− …”

“…The titration until the solution becomes cloudy was carried out in a special thermostatically controlled vial (with the use of a thermostat LOIP LT-105 (± 0.05 K)) at 328.15 K and 101.3 kPa. A description of this approach is set out in our previously published studies. ,, Samples (binary and ternary) were prepared by the gravimetric method using an analytical balance Ohaus Pioneer PA214. Based on the amount of titrant used for titration of the solution, the composition of the mixture was determined.…”

“…In our published earlier paper, we have analyzed a number of studies devoted to LLE and solubility in acetic acid– n -butyl alcohol– n -butyl acetate–water systems, and the results of this review showed inconsistency in some of the literature. At the same time, in ref ., we paid attention to the articles devoted to chemical equilibrium (CE) in the mixture under study.…”

“…In our published earlier paper, we have analyzed a number of studies devoted to LLE and solubility in acetic acid– n -butyl alcohol– n -butyl acetate–water systems, and the results of this review showed inconsistency in some of the literature. At the same time, in ref ., we paid attention to the articles devoted to chemical equilibrium (CE) in the mixture under study. Despite the importance of these studies for reactive distillation, there are only a few available studies on this topic in the literature, − not to mention the critical phenomena in such systems.…”

“…Despite the importance of these studies for reactive distillation, there are only a few available studies on this topic in the literature, − not to mention the critical phenomena in such systems. The compositions of the critical phases were studied mainly in our studies. ,, It should be noted that work deals with a special information about the critical point of LLE on the surface of CE. In other words, study presents the intersection of CE and the binodal surface that leads to the appearance of an unique critical point at CE.…”