QuEChERS Purification Combined with Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Quantification of 25 Mycotoxins in Cereals

Sun, Juan; Li, Weixi; Zhang, Yan; Hu, Xin; Wu, Li; Bu-jun, Wang

doi:10.3390/toxins8120375

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…It was originally developed for pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables by Anastassiades, Lehotay, Stajnbaher, and Schenck [29]. However, due to its simplicity, it has been adapted for other analyses [21,30,31].…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The QuEChERS method includes two steps-a simultaneous extraction and partitioning step using acetonitrile and salts, followed by a clean-up step based on a dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) [30,32]. Following the acetonitrile extraction step, different sorbents, such as octadecyl silica (C18), primary secondary amine (PSA), and graphitized carbon black (GCB), can be used for additional purification, which can result in satisfactory recoveries due to the reduced matrix effect [31]. C18 is used to remove long chain fatty compounds, sterols and proteins; PSA is efficient in the removal of sugars, fatty acids and organic acids; and GCB is a strong sorbent for removing pigments, as chlorophyll, polyphenols and other polar compounds [33].…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection Methods for Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

et al. 2020

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Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced mainly by fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. In the food chain, the original mycotoxin may be transformed in other toxic compounds, reaching the consumer. A good example is the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in dairy products, which is due to the presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the animal feed. Thus, milk-based foods, such as cheese and yogurts, may be contaminated with this toxin, which, although less toxic than AFB1, also exhibits hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects and is relatively stable during pasteurization, storage and processing. For this reason, the establishment of allowed maximum limits in dairy products and the development of methodologies for its detection and quantification are of extreme importance. There are several methods for the detection of AFM1 in dairy products. Usually, the analytical procedures go through the following stages: sampling, extraction, clean-up, determination and quantification. For the extraction stage, the use of organic solvents (as acetonitrile and methanol) is still the most common, but recent advances include the use of the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method (QuEChERS) and proteolytic enzymes, which have been demonstrated to be good alternatives. For the clean-up stage, the high selectivity of immunoaffinity columns is still a good option, but alternative and cheaper techniques are becoming more competitive. Regarding quantification of the toxin, screening strategies include the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to select presumptive positive samples from a wider range of samples, and more reliable methods—high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection or mass spectroscopy—for the separation, identification and quantification of the toxin.

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Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection Methods for Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

et al. 2020

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“…A QuEChERS‐based approach has been used for multi‐mycotoxin extraction in nut , maize , and cereals , and the previously used QuEChERS method demonstrated recovery of most mycotoxins, with the exception of AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , aflatoxin G 2 , T‐2, and fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) , which were below the acceptable range (70%) in cereals. In particular, fumonisin B 2 (FB 2 ), and ZEN in maize could not be detected at low‐ and mid‐level spiking levels using this approach .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, it is necessary to monitor for the presence of these mycotoxins in chestnuts and effective methods for multi‐mycotoxin detection are needed to facilitate the control and regulation of these dangerous compounds. UHPLC–MS/MS has increasingly contributed to the expanding field of mycotoxin analysis because of its high sensitivity, specificity, and reliability, particularly with regard to the development of multi‐mycotoxin detection methods . In recent years, some HPLC‐fluorescence detector and UHPLC‐MS/MS methods have been specifically developed for multi‐mycotoxin detection in chestnuts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast determination of 14 mycotoxins in chestnut by dispersive solid‐phase extraction coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

Liang

Dong

Yuan

et al. 2019

J of Separation Science

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ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, 3acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and zearalenone in chestnut samples.The method was used to analyze 136 samples obtained from Shandong province in China. The mycotoxins were extracted using a dispersive solid-phase extraction method and cleaned using an improved quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe approach. The mycotoxins were then detected using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.02 to 1 and 0.1 to 2 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery rates ranged from 74.2 to 109.5%, with relative standard deviations below 15%. A total of 71 samples were contaminated with seven mycotoxins at concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 105.5 μg/kg, with a number of samples exceeding the maximum limits set in the European regulations for mycotoxins in unprocessed chestnuts. K E Y W O R D Schestnut, dispersive solid-phase extraction, mycotoxins, tandem mass spectrometry, ultra high performance liquid chromatography

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“…Mycotoxins can be analyzed by various methods, including thin layer chromatography (TLC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gas chromatography, and immunoaffinity column/high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and diode array detection (Sun et al 2016). The use of LC coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for the confirmation of polar contaminants, such as mycotoxins, has become common nowadays, in the systems designed for the control of food quality (Vuković et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of multiple mycotoxins in maize using quechers sample preparation and LC-MS/MS detection

Vuković

Kos

Bursić

et al. 2017

Zb Mat srp prir nauk

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A reliable and easy method has been used for the multiple mycotoxins determination of AFs, DON, ZEA and FBs in maize samples. Liquid chromatography cou?pled mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used. Mycotoxins have been extracted from maize using a QuEChERS-based extraction procedure. All validation parameters were in accordance with Reg. (EC) No 401/2006. The analyses of eight maize seed samples showed the AFs, DON, ZEA and FBs contamination with the values below the state limit standards.

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QuEChERS Purification Combined with Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Quantification of 25 Mycotoxins in Cereals

Cited by 36 publications

References 38 publications

Detection Methods for Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

Detection Methods for Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

Fast determination of 14 mycotoxins in chestnut by dispersive solid‐phase extraction coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of multiple mycotoxins in maize using quechers sample preparation and LC-MS/MS detection

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