Queerphobic Immunopolitics in the Case of HIV/AIDS: Political Economy, the Dark Legacy of British Colonialism, and Queerphobia in Sub-Saharan Africa

Danil, Linda Roland

doi:10.1007/s12119-020-09774-w

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Studies in the USA comparing IH levels across different races found African American MSM to have higher IH levels compared with European American, Latino and MSM of other races/ethnicities, but the levels reported were still not as high as those we report in our SSA sample 10. This could be due to sociocultural factors such as politics, religion, laws, culture and other historical factors that influence the gender norms that exist within societies and impact the daily interactions of SSA MSM 21. This is also in line with Meyer’s assertion that IH is socially based and therefore unique to their minority status 7.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“… 10 This could be due to sociocultural factors such as politics, religion, laws, culture and other historical factors that influence the gender norms that exist within societies and impact the daily interactions of SSA MSM. 21 This is also in line with Meyer’s assertion that IH is socially based and therefore unique to their minority status. 7 Findings of the association of IH with HIV risk behaviours in SSA are varied.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Is Internalised Homonegativity associated with HIV testing and HIV risk behaviours of men who have sex with men: a multilevel cross-sectional study of sub-Saharan African countries

Kalu,

Ross,

Taegtmeyer

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesThis study assessed the associations of Internalised Homonegativity (IH) with HIV testing and risk behaviours of adult men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and effect modification by the legal climate.DesignWe used data from the cross-sectional 2019 Global Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI+) Internet survey study.Setting and participantsOverall, the 2019 Global LGBTI Internet Survey collected data from 46 SSA countries. In this secondary analysis, we included data from 3191 MSM in 44 SSA countries as there were no eligible MSM responses in the 2 countries excluded.Outcome measuresOur response variables were self-reported binary indicators of ever tested for HIV, recently tested in the past 6 months (from those who reported ever testing), transactional sex (paying for and being paid for sex in the past 12 months), and unprotected anal sex (that is without a condom or pre-exposure prohylaxis (PrEP)) with a non-steady partner (in the past 3 months).ResultsOur findings showed high levels of IH (range 1–7) in MSM across SSA (mean (SD)=5.3 (1.36)). We found that MSM with higher IH levels were more likely to have ever (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.18, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.35) and recently tested (aOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.32) but no evidence of an association with paying for sex (aOR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.12), selling sex (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.20) and unprotected sex (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.09). However, we observed that a favourable legal climate modifies the associations of IH and paying for sex (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.94). Increasing levels of IH had a negative association with paying for sex in countries where same-sex relationships are legal. We found no associations of IH with unprotected anal sex in the population surveyed.ConclusionsWe confirm that IH is widespread across SSA but in countries that legalise same-sex relationships, MSM were less likely to engage in transactional sex compared with those in countries where homosexuality is criminalised.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Is Internalised Homonegativity associated with HIV testing and HIV risk behaviours of men who have sex with men: a multilevel cross-sectional study of sub-Saharan African countries

Kalu,

Ross,

Taegtmeyer

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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show abstract

“…The study also took place in Guangzhou, a large metropolitan city where public attitudes are relatively more accepting of same-sex behaviors. Moreover, as same-sex behaviors are not criminalized in China, reported findings may be less generalizable to other regions where sexual and gender minorities face far greater social and legal persecution (Danil, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Advancing community-engaged research methods: A qualitative study of men who have sex with men community contributions to a Chinese HIV stigma study.

Luo,

Zhang,

Meng

et al. 2024

Stigma and Health

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“…The association between ART switch and the exposure variables, which included the age at ART initiation, sex, baseline CD4, WHO staging [ 9 ], status of ART at entry into the clinic and transfer status into the HCTC of the patient, was examined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants and reasons for switching anti-retroviral regimen among HIV-infected youth in a large township of South Africa (2002–2019)

et al. 2022

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Background There are limited data exploring antiretroviral therapy (ART) changes and time to change among South Africa young people living with HIV/AIDS. Objective We describe the time to first drug switch, which includes ART regimen change (three drug switch) and substitutions (single drug switch). We describe common reasons for ART switch among young people aged 10 to 24 years in South Africa. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a primary health care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa, providing ART to HIV-infected adolescents and adults since 2002. Those aged 10 to 24 years at ART initiation, who accessed care clinic between September 2002 and April 2019. Data was retrieved from electronic information systems: ART regimens, ART changes, dates for initiation or stop of each drug/regimen, laboratory results (viral loads, haemoglobin, liver enzyme results, and creatinine to support the reason for ART switch. From written records, we abstracted reason for single drug switch or regimen change, as well as socio demographic and clinical data. We fitted cox regression models to determine factors associated with ART switch (Having a change in one or more drugs in ART combination) and the rate of occurrence. Results Of 2601 adolescents included, 605 (24.9%) adolescents switched ART over 5090.5 person years at risk (PYAR), a rate of 11.9 /100PYAR. Median follow-up time was 4.4 (± 3.2) years. At multivariable analysis, the older age group was protective of the risk of ART switch: adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.98, transfer status [transferred out 1.42 [1.11–1.82]. The hazard of ART switch increased with more severe HIV-disease at ART start, as observed by increasing WHO clinical stage or reduced CD4 count at baseline. The primary reasons for ART switch were side effects (20.0%), virological failure (17.9%) and formulation switch (27.8%). Others reasons included pregnancy, Hepatitis B, tuberculosis and psychosis. Conclusion ART switches are frequent and occur at a consistent rate across 7.5 years from initiation. The main reasons for ART switch were virological failure and drug side effects.

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Queerphobic Immunopolitics in the Case of HIV/AIDS: Political Economy, the Dark Legacy of British Colonialism, and Queerphobia in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Is Internalised Homonegativity associated with HIV testing and HIV risk behaviours of men who have sex with men: a multilevel cross-sectional study of sub-Saharan African countries

Is Internalised Homonegativity associated with HIV testing and HIV risk behaviours of men who have sex with men: a multilevel cross-sectional study of sub-Saharan African countries

Advancing community-engaged research methods: A qualitative study of men who have sex with men community contributions to a Chinese HIV stigma study.

Determinants and reasons for switching anti-retroviral regimen among HIV-infected youth in a large township of South Africa (2002–2019)

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